INDIAN POLITY (Part-2)

Following the independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India on 26^th January 1950.

This Resolution was unanimously adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 January 1947.

(1) Defence Minister - Baldev Singh

(2) Education Minister - C. Rajagopalachari

(3) Labour Minister - Jagjivan Ram

Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed the Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of the Governor and the Minister of Commonwealth Affairs.

The words liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Indian constitution are borrowed from the constitution of France. The idea of the Preamble and Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution are taken from the language of the Preamble of the United States of America.

The parliamentary system is borrowed from the governance of Australia and the emergency provisions have been taken from the Constitution of Germany.

The Directive Principles of State Policy have been borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland.

The words liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Indian constitution are borrowed from the constitution of France. The idea of the Preamble and Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution are taken from the language of the Preamble of the United States of America.

The parliamentary system is borrowed from the governance of Australia and the emergency provisions have been taken from the Constitution of Germany.

The Directive Principles of State Policy have been borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland.

Sources of Indian Constitution:

1. Import of Government of India Act, 1935: The constitution have included a large number of the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935 into the Constitution of India. It include federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency provisions etc.
2. Borrowed from Britain: Britain ruled for India over 200 years. Thus major part of polity is shaped according to Britain’s polity. E.g. Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, Legislative procedure, Single citizenship, Cabinet system are from Britain unwritten constitution.
3. Ireland:  Directive Principles of State Policy, Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha and Method of election of president.
4. Unites States of America: United States of America is democracy like India. India borrowed many parts like Impeachment of the president, Functions of president and vice-president, Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges, Fundamental Right, Judicial review, Independence of judiciary and Preamble of the constitution form USA which has helped India to thrive as largest democracy in the world.
5. Canada: From Canada we inspired and modelled our polity as a union. Borrowed provisions from Canada are Federation with a strong Centre, Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre , Appointment of state governors by the Centre and Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
6. Australia: From Australia Concurrent List, Freedom of trade, Commerce and inter-course and Joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament were borrowed.
7. Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia): Indian constitution borrowed Fundamental duties and ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble From USSR.
8. Many other ideas were borrowed from Japan, France and South Africa. Thereby Indian constitution borrowed significant portion from all over the world but it was not a copy-paste, rather was a conscious adoption of strong provisions across the world for Indian society.

Sources of Indian Constitution:

1. Import of Government of India Act, 1935: The constitution have included a large number of the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935 into the Constitution of India. It include federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency provisions etc.
2. Borrowed from Britain: Britain ruled for India over 200 years. Thus major part of polity is shaped according to Britain’s polity. E.g. Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, Legislative procedure, Single citizenship, Cabinet system are from Britain unwritten constitution.
3. Ireland:  Directive Principles of State Policy, Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha and Method of election of president.
4. Unites States of America: India borrowed many parts like Impeachment of the president, Functions of president and vice-president, Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges, Fundamental Right, Judicial review, Independence of judiciary and Preamble of the constitution form USA which has helped India to thrive as largest democracy in the world.
5. Canada: From Canada we inspired and modelled our polity as a union. Borrowed provisions from Canada are Federation with a strong Centre, Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre , Appointment of state governors by the Centre and Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
6. Australia: From Australia Concurrent List, Freedom of trade, Commerce and inter-course and Joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament were borrowed.
7. Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia): Indian constitution borrowed Fundamental duties and ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble From USSR.
8. Many other ideas were borrowed from Japan, France and South Africa. Thereby Indian constitution borrowed significant portion from all over the world but it was not a copy-paste, rather was a conscious adoption of strong provisions across the world for Indian society.