Industrial Sector (Economic Development) Part-III

It lays the base for various economic policies and specific activities that are targeted towards the inclusion of finances. Public sector banks have a broad customer base, ranging from larger business organizations to small-scale farmers.

They, therefore, are very important in running the motor of socio-economic development through multiple credit schemes and programs. Public sector banks are banks in which the government, whether directly or through other government agencies or corporate bodies, holds a major percentage of ownership.

Such banks aim to serve the interest of the public, and inclusion in the financial sphere is guaranteed for all sections of the society. They are, therefore, different from banks of the private sector, which essentially remain as privately owned and run organizations, catering more to profit motives.

They also play a very very important role in implementing government policies on varied economic aspects like agricultural loans, educational loans, and poverty alleviation programs among many others.

• N.T.P.C. (National Thermal Power Corporation):
  This is a major power generation company in India, focusing on thermal power plants.
• S.A.I.L. (Steel Authority of India Limited):
  This is the largest steel producer in India, responsible for a significant portion of the country's steel output.
• B.H.E.L. (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited):
  This company specializes in the design, manufacturing, and supply of heavy electrical equipment for various industries, including power generation.

These enterprises are a significant part of the Indian economy, providing essential services and infrastructure. They provide employment opportunities and contribute to the overall employment landscape. PSUs often provide services that are essential for the well-being of citizens, such as affordable healthcare, education, and basic amenities.

Public Sector Enterprises (PSUs), also known as Public Sector Undertakings, are businesses owned and controlled by the government, either at the central or state level. These enterprises are a significant part of the Indian economy, providing essential services and infrastructure.

They provide employment opportunities and contribute to the overall employment landscape. PSUs often provide services that are essential for the well-being of citizens, such as affordable healthcare, education, and basic amenities.

BPCL's core business involves refining crude oil into various petroleum products, marketing and distributing these products through its extensive network of fuel stations, and exploring for new oil and gas reserves. BPCL is one of the largest downstream oil companies in India, focusing on refining, marketing, and distribution of petroleum products.

BPCL operates two major refineries in India, one in Mumbai and the other in Kochi. BPCL also plays a significant role in the distribution of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and other petroleum products.

BPCL actively participates in the government's Ethanol Blending Program to promote biofuels and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. BPCL has been investing in new technologies and initiatives, such as automated fuelling technology (UFill) and Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) plants.

Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) is a subsid- iary of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) since March, 2003. It was established in 1987 at Katipalla, Mangalore as a joint venture oil refinery promoted by the HPCL, a public sector company and IRIL & Associates (AV Birla Group).

Haldia Refinery is one of the two refineries of Indian Oil Group Companies producing Lube Oil Base Stocks (LOBS). It was commissioned in January 1975. Bongaigaon Refinery (BGR) is the 8th refinery of Indian Oil.

Chinese civilizations were among the first to refine oil. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running through them, transporting fluid streams between large chemical processing units like distillation columns. Oil refineries are similar to chemical plants in that they use a lot of the same technology.

Oil is discovered beneath the earth's surface, and the location is sometimes also underwater. Though extracting oil from beneath the ocean's surface is much more difficult than drilling wells on land, it is still profitable, which is why oil exploration is carried out on either floating or fixed platforms on the ocean's bed.

Offshore drilling is the process of extracting oil from beneath the seabed, whereas onshore drilling is the process of extracting oil from beneath the earth's surface away from the ocean. Onshore and offshore drilling is not only used for oil extraction; it is also used for natural gas extraction at times.

In 1947 the management of the company was passed over to the Government of India. It was restructured as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited on 1 October, 1964. It is mainly related to manufacturing of Aircrafts.

It has become the largest organization for hydropower development in India, with capabilities to undertake all the activities from conceptualization to commissioning in relation to setting up of hydro products. NHPC Ltd. has also diversified in the field of Solar & Wind power.