Industrial Sector (Part – III)

Total Questions: 50

1. In India the Public Sector is most dominant in: [I.A.S (Pre) 1993]

(a) steel production
(b) organized term-lending financial institutions
(c) transport
(d) Commercial banking

Correct Answer: (d) Commercial banking

Solution:Among the given options, Public Sector is most dominant in commercial banking in India. Public sector banks (PSBs) play a crucial role in the financial landscape of India. The government is the largest stakeholder in public sector banks. It lays the base for various economic policies and specific activities that are targeted towards the inclusion of finances. Public sector banks have a broad customer base, ranging from larger business organizations to small-scale farmers. They, therefore, are very important in running the motor of socio-economic development through multiple credit schemes and programs.
Public sector banks are banks in which the government, whether directly or through other government agencies or corporate bodies, holds a major percentage of ownership. Such banks aim to serve the interest of the public, and inclusion in the financial sphere is guaranteed for all sections of the society. They are, therefore, different from banks of the private sector, which essentially remain as privately owned and run organizations, catering more to profit motives. They also play a very very important role in implementing government policies on varied economic aspects like agricultural loans, educational loans, and poverty alleviation programs among many others.

2. Which of the following is not a public sector undertaking/enterprise? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

(a) N.T.P.C.
(b) S.A.I.L.
(c) B.H.E.L.
(d) T.I.S.C.O

Correct Answer: (d) T.I.S.C.O

Solution:Formerly known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), Tata Steel is among the top steel producing companies in the world. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was established at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand in 1907. It is not a public sector enterprise, NTPC, SAIL and BHEL are Maharatna CPSEs.

N.T.P.C. (National Thermal Power Corporation):
This is a major power generation company in India, focusing on thermal power plants.
S.A.I.L. (Steel Authority of India Limited):
This is the largest steel producer in India, responsible for a significant portion of the country's steel output.
B.H.E.L. (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited):
This company specializes in the design, manufacturing, and supply of heavy electrical equipment for various industries, including power generation.

3. Which is not a Public enterprise? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]

(a) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal
(b) Ordinance Factory, Jabalpur
(c) Alkaloid Factory, Neemuch
(d) Leather Factory, Gwalior

Correct Answer: (d) Leather Factory, Gwalior

Solution:Among the given options Leather Factory, Gwalior is not a public enterprise, while other three are Public Sector enterprises. Public Sector Enterprises (PSUs), also known as Public Sector Undertakings, are businesses owned and controlled by the government, either at the central or state level. These enterprises are a significant part of the Indian economy, providing essential services and infrastructure.
They provide employment opportunities and contribute to the overall employment landscape. PSUs often provide services that are essential for the well-being of citizens, such as affordable healthcare, education, and basic amenities.

4. Which one of the following is not of the same category: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

(a) SAIL
(b) BHEL
(c) ONGC
(d) ESSAR OIL

Correct Answer: (d) ESSAR OIL

Solution:Essar Oil (now Nayara Energy) was a private sector firm. In 2017 Essar Oil was acquired by Rosneft and an investment consortium led by Trafigura & UCP Investment Group. While SAIL, BHEL & Trafigura & UCP Investment Group. While SAIL, BHEL & ONGC are public sector undertakings. Public Sector Enterprises (PSUs), also known as Public Sector Undertakings, are businesses owned and controlled by the government, either at the central or state level. These enterprises are a significant part of the Indian economy, providing essential services and infrastructure.
They provide employment opportunities and contribute to the overall employment landscape. PSUs often provide services that are essential for the well-being of citizens, such as affordable healthcare, education, and basic amenities.

5. The Government holding in BPCL is: [I.A.S (Pre)]

(a) more than 70%
(b) between 60% and 70%
(c) between 50% and 60%
(d) less than 50%

Correct Answer: (c) between 50% and 60%

Solution:BPCL (Now Bharat Petroleum) is among the leading oil and gas companies in India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. Government's share in Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) was 66.2% in the question period, while at present it is at 52.98% BPCL is a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), meaning it is directly owned and controlled by the Government of India. BPCL has been designated as a Maharatna, the highest tier of public sector undertakings, indicating its significant financial strength and operational performance. BPCL's core business involves refining crude oil into various petroleum products, marketing and distributing these products through its extensive network of fuel stations, and exploring for new oil and gas reserves. BPCL is one of the largest downstream oil companies in India, focusing on refining, marketing, and distribution of petroleum products.
BPCL operates two major refineries in India, one in Mumbai and the other in Kochi. BPCL also plays a significant role in the distribution of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and other petroleum products. BPCL actively participates in the government's Ethanol Blending Program to promote biofuels and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. BPCL has been investing in new technologies and initiatives, such as automated fuelling technology (UFill) and Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) plants.

6. Which of the following are the public sector undertakings of the Government of India? [I.A.S (Pre) 2008]

1. Balmer Lawrie & Company Ltd.

2. Dredging Corporation of India

3. Educational Consultants of India Ltd.

Codes:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:As per the question period, option (d) was the correct answer, while at present, option (c) is correct. Details of the above mentioned enterprises are given below:

Enterprises	Details
Balmer Lawrie & Company Ltd.	Balmer Lawrie is a Miniratna-I and Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Govt. of India.
Dredging Corporation of India	The Dredging Corporation of India Limited (DCI) was established in the year 1976 to provide dredging services to the Major Ports of the country in India as a Public Sector Enterprise. In November 2017, the Government of India approved the privatization of DCI and in 2018 DCI has been handed over to a consortium of 4 major ports.
Educational Consultants of India Ltd.	EDCIL (India) Limited (earlier known as Educational Consultants India Limited) is a Public Sector Undertaking in India under the administrative control of the Ministry of Education. It was incorporated in 1981. EdCIL (India) Limited is a Miniratna-1 CPSE.

7. Which among the following are in the Private Sector? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]

1. Bongaigaon Refinery

2. Manglore Refinery

3. Haldia Refinery

4. ESSAR Oil Ltd.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

codes:

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4

Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 4

Solution:As per the question period option (c) could be the correct answer but at present, among the given options, only ESSAR Oil Ltd. (now Nayara Energy Ltd.) is a private sector enterprise while Bongaigaon refinery, Haldia refinery and Manglore refinery are public sector undertakings. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) is a subsid- iary of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) since March, 2003. It was established in 1987 at Katipalla, Mangalore as a joint venture oil refinery promoted by the HPCL, a public sector company and IRIL & Associates (AV Birla Group). Haldia Refinery is one of the two refineries of Indian Oil Group Companies producing Lube Oil Base Stocks (LOBS). It was commissioned in January 1975. Bongaigaon Refinery (BGR) is the 8th refinery of Indian Oil.

8. Which of the following oil refinery is in the private sector? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

(a) Digboi Oil Refinery
(b) Barauni Oil Refinery
(c) Nunmati Oil Refinery
(d) Mathura Oil Refinery
(e) None of the above

Correct Answer: (e) None of the above

Solution:All refineries mentioned in the question are under public sector. At present, out of total 23 refineries in India, 19 are in Public Sector, 3 are in Private Sector and one is as a Joint Venture of Public-Private Sector. Petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, and petroleum naphtha at an oil refinery or petroleum refinery. Chinese civilizations were among the first to refine oil. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running through them, transporting fluid streams between large chemical processing units like distillation columns. Oil refineries are similar to chemical plants in that they use a lot of the same technology.
Oil is discovered beneath the earth's surface, and the location is sometimes also underwater. Though extracting oil from beneath the ocean's surface is much more difficult than drilling wells on land, it is still profitable, which is why oil exploration is carried out on either floating or fixed platforms on the ocean's bed. Offshore drilling is the process of extracting oil from beneath the seabed, whereas onshore drilling is the process of extracting oil from beneath the earth's surface away from the ocean. Onshore and offshore drilling is not only used for oil extraction; it is also used for natural gas extraction at times.

9. HAL is related to manufacturing of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Telecommunication equipments
(b) Aircrafts
(c) Space missiles
(d) War missiles

Correct Answer: (b) Aircrafts

Solution:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian state. owned aerospace and defence company headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru). HAL was originally established as Hindustan Aircraft Limited in Bangalore on 23 December 1940, by Walchand Hirachand in association with the then Kingdom of Mysore. In 1947 the management of the company was passed over to the Government of India. It was restructured as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited on 1 October, 1964. It is mainly related to manufacturing of Aircrafts.

10. Which of the following is related with the field of electricity generation? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

(a) M.M.T.C
(b) M.M.T.C.
(c) N.C.L.
(d) N.H.P.C

Correct Answer: (d) N.H.P.C

Solution:Among the given options, NHPC is related with the field of electricity generation. NHPC Ltd. (erstwhile National Hydroelectric Corporation) is a Miniratna Category-I CPSE. It has become the largest organization for hydropower development in India, with capabilities to undertake all the activities from conceptualization to commissioning in relation to setting up of hydro products. NHPC Ltd. has also diversified in the field of Solar & Wind power.

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