International Organizations (Part – IV)

Total Questions: 50

1. Consider the following countries: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]

1. Brazil

2. Mexico

3. South Africa

According to UNCTAD, which of the above is/are categorized as "Emerging Economies'?

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:According to UNCTAD, Brazil, Mexico and South Africa- all three are categorized as 'Emerging Economies'. Some other major emerging economies are: China, India, Argentina, Egypt, Indonesia, Russia, Poland, Nigeria, Thailand etc.

2. With reference to 'Asia-Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development (APMCHUD)', consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]

1. The first APMCHUD was held in India in 2006 on the theme 'Emerging Urban Forms-Policy Responses and Governance Structure'.

2. India hosts all the Annual Ministerial Conferences in partnership with ADB, APEC and ASEAN.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:The first 'Asia-Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development (APMCHUD)' was held in New Delhi, India in December, 2006 under the theme of 'A vision for sustainable urbanization in the Asia-Pacific by 2020' Thus, statement 1 is incorrect.

The conference of APMCHUD is a biennial event. Its second conference (2008) was held in Tehran (Iran), third (2010) in Solo (Indonesia), fourth (2012) in Amman (Jordan), fifth (2014) in Seoul (South Korea), sixth (2016) in New Delhi and seventh conference (2018) in Tehran. Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect.

3. With reference to the 'Trans-Pacific Partnership' consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

1. It is an agreement among all the Pacific Rim countries except China and Russia.

2. It is a strategic alliance for the purpose of maritime security only.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2.

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2.

Solution:The Trans-Pacific Partnership' was a proposed trade agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries signed on 4 February, 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand. The objective of the (TPP) was to create a fully integrated economic area and establish consistent rules for global investment. The TPP agreement was signed by Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam and the United States. After the then US President Donald J. Trump withdrew the United States from TPP in January 2017, the agreement could not be ratified as required and did not enter into force. The remaining 11 countries negotiated a new trade agreement (signed on 8th March, 2018) called 'Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership' (CPTPP or TPP-11), which -Policy Responses incorporates most of the provisions of TPP and which entered into force on 30th December, 2018.

4. Which of the following countries is not a member of Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Lao DPRAY
(b) China
(c) Myanmar
(d) India

Correct Answer: (c) Myanmar

Solution:The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), previously known as the Bangkok Agreement and renamed on 2nd November, 2005, was signed in 1975. It is a preferential tariff agreement that aims at promoting intra-regional trade through the exchange of mutually agreed concessions by the member countries. The members of APTA are Bangladesh, China, India, South Korea, Lao PDR (Laos), Mongolia and Sri Lanka. Myanmar is not a member of APTA.

5. 13th NAM conference 24-25 February, 2003 was organized at: [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Kuala Lumpur
(b) Islamabad
(c) Kathmandu
(d) New Delhi

Correct Answer: (a) Kuala Lumpur

Solution:13th 'NAM' (Non-Aligned Movement) conference was organized in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in February, 2003. While 19th NAM conference was held in Kampala, Uganda in January, 2024. At present, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 121 developing countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah and Indonesian President Sukarno etc. It was established as an effort to avoid the polarized world of the Cold War.

6. Where was the Ministerial Meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) held in 2019? [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Venezuela
(b) Azerbaijan
(c) Serbia
(d) Ethiopia
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Venezuela

Solution:The Ministerial Meeting of the Coordination Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held on 20-21 July, 2019 in Caracas of Venezuela. The 18th Summit of the NAM was held in October, 2019 in Baku, Azerbaijan while the 19th NAM Summit was held in January, 2024 in Kampala, Uganda.

7. The main emphasis of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is on which of the following? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) the production of petroleum
(b) control over prices of petroleum
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Solution:The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an intergovernmental organization or cartel of currently 12 countries, which was founded on 14th September, 1960 in Baghdad. The stated mission of the organization is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry."

8. Which of the following countries is not a member of OPEC? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Algeria
(b) China
(c) Indonesia
(d) U.A.E.
(e) Both China & Indonesia

Correct Answer: (e) Both China & Indonesia

Solution:The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September, 1960 by the five countries namely Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. They became the founder members of the OPEC. OPEC has since 1965 been headquartered in Vienna, Austria. At present, the OPEC has a total of 12 members countries. These are: Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Gabon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea. Qatar terminated its membership on 1 January, 2019. Ecuador decided to withdraw its membership of OPEC effective 1 January, 2020. Angola withdrew its membership effective 1 January, 2024. Indonesia suspended its membership on 30 November, 2016. When the question was asked, Indonesia was a member of OPEC. Hence, as per the question period option (b) was the correct answer, but at present, both (b) and (c) are correct.

9. Which of the following is not a member of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC)? [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Pakistan
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
(d) Thailand

Correct Answer: (d) Thailand

Solution:"South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) is an economic and political regional organization of eight countries in South Asia. It was established on 8 December, 1985 in Dhaka, when the Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (7 founding members) formally adopted the charter. The headquarters of SAARC is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Afghanistan became a member state of SAARC in 2007 at 14th SAARC summit held in India.

10. When was South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) established? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

(a) 1984
(b) 1987
(c) 1985
(d) 1989

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