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International Organizations (Part – V)

📆 October 23, 2024

Total Questions: 13

1. G-8 Maskoka Initiative is concerned with: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) Maternity and Child Health
Solution:The 36th G-8 summit was held in Huntsville-Muskoka, Canada. During this summit, Muskoka initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child health was started. It was a funding initiative, which committed member nations to collectively spend an additional $5 billion between 2010 and 2015 to accelerate progress toward the achievement of Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, the reduction of maternal, infant and child mortality in developing countries.

The Group of Eight (G8) was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. The Group brought together eight major industrial economies of the world for consultation and policy coordination at the highest level. The G-8 consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK, and the USA. It had formed by incorporating the country of Russia into the Group of Seven, or G7, and returned to its previous name after Russia was expelled in 2014. It is known as the Group of Seven (G7) now.

2. With reference to 'Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (1OR-ARC)', consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

1. It was established very recently in response to incidents of piracy and accidents of oil spills.

2. It is an alliance meant for maritime security only.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) was established in Port Louis, Mauritius on 7 March, 1997. At present, it has 23 members. It aims to create a platform for trade, socio-economic and cultural cooperation in the Indian Ocean area, which constitutes a population of about 2 billion people. The coordinating secretariat of IOR-ARC (now IORA) is located at Ebene, Mauritius.

The organisation has 23 members as follows:
1. Commonwealth of Australia,
2. People's Republic of Bangladesh,
3. Union of Comoros,
4. French Republic,
5. Republic of India,
6. Republic of Indonesia,
7. Islamic Republic of Iran,
8. Republic of Kenya,
9. Republic of Madagascar,
10. Malaysia,
11. Republic of Maldives,
12. Republic of Mauritius,
13. Republic of Mozambique,
14. Sultanate of Oman,
15. Republic of Seychelles,
16. Republic of Singapore,
17. Federal Republic of Somalia,
18. Republic of South Africa,
19. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,
20. United Republic of Tanzania, Kingdom of Thailand,
21. United Arab Emirates and
22. Republic of Yemen.
23. France

3. A group formed by India, China, Brazil and other developing countries for future negotiations at World Trade Organization is known as: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]

Correct Answer: (a) G-77
Solution:The group of 77 (G-77) was established on 15 June, 1964 by India, China, Brazil and other developing countries. It aims to promote collective economic interest and enhance their joint negotiating capacity in United Nations and World Trade Organization.

About World Trade Organisation (WTO)

  • World Trade Organisation is a global multilateral organisation established in 1995 for the rules based trading between the nations of the world.
  • It is a global membership group that promotes and manages free trade.
  • It serves as a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements and settle trade disputes.
  • Overall, it aims to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their international businesses smoothly.
  • At present, the WTO consists of
    ∗ 164 members (including European Union), and
    ∗ 23 observer governments (like Iraq, Iran, Bhutan, Libya etc).

4. Which of the following is not a member of ASEAN? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003]

Correct Answer: (a) India
Solution:The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration). It has 10 members i.e. Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Lao PDR (Laos), Myanmar and Cambodia. The ASEAN headquarters is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The institutional mechanism of ASEAN include

  • ASEAN Summit: It meets annually to discuss regional issues and set policy directions.
  • ASEAN Coordinating Council (ACC): It oversees the implementation of ASEAN agreements and decisions.
  • ASEAN Secretariat: It supports and facilitates ASEAN's activities and initiatives.
  • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): It is a platform for dialogue and cooperation on political and security issues among
    ASEAN member countries and their partners.
  • Decision Making: It is done through consultation and consensus.

5. ASEAN' stands for: [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (c) Association of South-East Asian Nations
Solution:The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration). It has 10 members i.e. Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Lao PDR (Laos), Myanmar and Cambodia. The ASEAN headquarters is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Fundamental principles of ASEAN are:

  • Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations.
  • The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion.
  • Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another.
  • Settlement of differences or disputes in a peaceful manner.
  • Renunciation of the threat or use of force.
  • Effective cooperation among themselves.

6. Which of the following countries is not a member of ASEAN? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) South Korea
Solution:The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration). It has 10 members i.e. Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Lao PDR (Laos), Myanmar and Cambodia. The ASEAN headquarters is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Fundamental principles of ASEAN are:

  • Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations.
  • The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion.
  • Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another.
  • Settlement of differences or disputes in a peaceful manner.
  • Renunciation of the threat or use of force.
  • Effective cooperation among themselves.

7. Of which one group of Nations is Brunei a member? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (d) ASEAN
Solution:Among the given group of nations, Brunei is a member of ASEAN.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional grouping that aims to promote economic and security cooperation among its ten members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

  • Establishment: It was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the founding fathers of ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
  • Aim: The motto of ASEAN is "One Vision, One Identity, One Community".
  • Secretariat: ASEAN Secretariat is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • ASEAN countries have a total population of 662 million people and a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $3.2 trillion as of 2022.

8. Consider the following countries: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. Australis

2. Canada

3. China

4. India

5. Japan

6. USA

Which of the above are among the 'free-trade partners' ASEAN?

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 3, 4 and 5
Solution:Apart from the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) between 10 ASEAN member states, the regional trade block has signed several FTAs with 7 major economies in the Asia- Pacific region. These economies are Australia, New Zealand, China, India, South Korea, Japan and Hong Kong. The RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) is a free trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific region between 10 member states of the ASEAN and five of ASEAN'S FTA partners-Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea, India, which is also ASEAN's FTA partner, opted out of RCEP in November, 2019.

9. The term 'Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership' often appears in the news in the context of the affairs of a group of countries known as: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (b) ASEAN
Solution:The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free trade agreement between 10 ASEAN member nations (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) and five other countries (Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand). Unifying the pre-existing bilateral agreements between the 10-member ASEAN and five of its major trade partners, the RCEP was signed on 15th November, 2020 at a virtual ASEAN Summit hosted by Vietnam. For the first ten ratifying countries, the trade pact took effect on 1 January, 2022,

10. Who amongst the following is NOT a member of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership? [B.P.S.C. (Re. Exam) 2020]

Correct Answer: (d) Pakistan
Solution:

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free trade agreement between 10 ASEAN member nations (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) and five other countries (Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand). Unifying the pre-existing bilateral agreements between the 10-member ASEAN and five of its major trade partners, the RCEP was signed on 15th November, 2020 at a virtual ASEAN Summit hosted by Vietnam. For the first ten ratifying countries, the trade pact took effect on 1 January, 2022,

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