International Trade (Part – IV)

1.Raw wool and carpets: Arid and semi-arid countries in the Middle East are not known for significant wool production. These countries typically have a desert-like climate, which is not suitable for sheep farming or wool production on a large scale. Therefore, it is unlikely that they would export raw wool and carpets to India.
2. Precious stones and pearls: While the Middle East is known for its production and trade of precious stones and pearls, particularly countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, these commodities are not directly linked to the arid and semi-arid nature of these countries. Precious stones and pearls can be found in various regions globally, and their export to India is not specific to arid or semi-arid countries in the Middle East.
3. Perfume and coffee: The production and export of perfume and coffee are not strongly associated with arid and semi-arid countries in the Middle East. Perfume production is more commonly linked to countries like France and Italy, known for their fragrance industry. Similarly, coffee production is concentrated in countries like Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia, rather than arid or semi-arid regions.
4. Fruits and palm oil: Arid and semi-arid countries in the Middle East, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, heavily rely on imports for their food needs due to limited agricultural capabilities. India, being a significant agricultural producer, is a potential source of fruits and palm oil for these countries. Fruits are a vital part of the diet and can be imported from countries like India, which has a diverse range of fruits available for export. Additionally, palm oil is an essential cooking oil and is commonly used in various food products. India is one of the largest importers of palm oil globally, and arid and semi-arid countries in the Middle East can export palm oil to India to meet its demand.

Status of India's Textile Industry

• The sector contributes 4% to the global trade in textiles and apparel, 2% to the GDP (approx. $60 billion), and constitutes 7% of industry output in terms of value (2023).
• Employment: It provides direct employment to around 35 million people.
  The industry is expected to grow at 10% CAGR from 2019-20 to reach US$ 190 billion by 2025-26.
• India's share in global trade in textiles and apparel: 4%.
• India is the world's second-largest producer of silk, accounting for 95% of all hand-woven cloth.

Status of India's Textile Industry

• The sector contributes 4% to the global trade in textiles and apparel, 2% to the GDP (approx. $60 billion), and constitutes 7% of industry output in terms of value (2023).
• Employment: It provides direct employment to around 35 million people.
  The industry is expected to grow at 10% CAGR from 2019-20 to reach US$ 190 billion by 2025-26.
• India's share in global trade in textiles and apparel: 4%.
• India is the world's second-largest producer of silk, accounting for 95% of all hand-woven cloth.

Note: As per NITI Aayog's 'Export Preparedness Index 2022" (Released in July, 2023), the top 3 exporter States in 2021-22 were as follows: 1. Gujarat 2. Maharashtra and 3. Tamil Nadu.

Exports (merchandise):

• The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($86.2B), Diamonds ($25.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($19.5B), Jewellery ($12.6B), and Rice ($11.18).
• It exports mostly to the United States ($82.9B), United Arab Emirates ($31.6B), Netherlands ($17.68), China ($15.3B), and Bangladesh ($13.88).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest exporter of Diamonds ($25.98), Rice ($11.18), etc.
  Imports (merchandise):
• The top imports of India are Crude Petroleum ($1708), Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Gold ($35.8B), Petroleum Gas ($32B), and Diamonds ($26.18).
• It imports mostly from China ($110B), UAE ($51B) and the US ($48.5B), Saudi Arabia ($46.2B), and Russia ($40.48).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest importer of Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Diamonds ($26.1B), Palm Oil ($11.18), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($7.888), and Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($7.37B.

Exports (merchandise):

• The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($86.2B), Diamonds ($25.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($19.5B), Jewellery ($12.6B), and Rice ($11.18).
• It exports mostly to the United States ($82.9B), United Arab Emirates ($31.6B), Netherlands ($17.68), China ($15.3B), and Bangladesh ($13.88).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest exporter of Diamonds ($25.98), Rice ($11.18), etc.
  Imports (merchandise):
• The top imports of India are Crude Petroleum ($1708), Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Gold ($35.8B), Petroleum Gas ($32B), and Diamonds ($26.18).
• It imports mostly from China ($110B), UAE ($51B) and the US ($48.5B), Saudi Arabia ($46.2B), and Russia ($40.48).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest importer of Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Diamonds ($26.1B), Palm Oil ($11.18), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($7.888), and Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($7.37B.

Exports (merchandise):

• The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($86.2B), Diamonds ($25.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($19.5B), Jewellery ($12.6B), and Rice ($11.18).
• It exports mostly to the United States ($82.9B), United Arab Emirates ($31.6B), Netherlands ($17.68), China ($15.3B), and Bangladesh ($13.88).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest exporter of Diamonds ($25.98), Rice ($11.18), etc.
  Imports (merchandise):
• The top imports of India are Crude Petroleum ($1708), Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Gold ($35.8B), Petroleum Gas ($32B), and Diamonds ($26.18).
• It imports mostly from China ($110B), UAE ($51B) and the US ($48.5B), Saudi Arabia ($46.2B), and Russia ($40.48).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest importer of Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Diamonds ($26.1B), Palm Oil ($11.18), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($7.888), and Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($7.37B.

Exports (merchandise):

• The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($86.2B), Diamonds ($25.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($19.5B), Jewellery ($12.6B), and Rice ($11.18).
• It exports mostly to the United States ($82.9B), United Arab Emirates ($31.6B), Netherlands ($17.68), China ($15.3B), and Bangladesh ($13.88).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest exporter of Diamonds ($25.98), Rice ($11.18), etc.
  Imports (merchandise):
• The top imports of India are Crude Petroleum ($1708), Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Gold ($35.8B), Petroleum Gas ($32B), and Diamonds ($26.18).
• It imports mostly from China ($110B), UAE ($51B) and the US ($48.5B), Saudi Arabia ($46.2B), and Russia ($40.48).
• In 2022, India was the world's biggest importer of Coal Briquettes ($58.7B), Diamonds ($26.1B), Palm Oil ($11.18), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($7.888), and Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($7.37B.