Issues on Environment, Biodiversity & Climate Change (Part-III)

Total Questions: 50

31. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board : [2018-1]

1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.

2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct:

(a) I only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Solution:Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), is statutory organization, was constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. So #1 is wrong.

Principal functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, (i) to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas. So last part of sentence #2 is right.

Environment: National Green Tribunal (NGT) was set up in 2010 under the NGT Act, 2010, for the purpose of effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection. The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. The Tribunal is mandated to make an endeavor for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing. So first part of sentence #2 is right.

32. Consider the following statements: [2018-1]

1. The definition of "Critical Wildlife Habitat" is incorporated in the Forest Rights Act, 2006.

2. For the first time in India, Baigas have been given Habitat Rights.

3. Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change officially decides and declares Habitat Rights for Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of Indi(a).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Solution:Baigas are considered as a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) in the Indian Constitution and rely mostly on shifting cultivation, forest produce and fishing for sustenance, spread over forested areas of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In 2016, they became India's first community to get habitat rights. So, #2 is right.

Under FRA Act, district level Committees have to adjudicate the rights, whereas Tribal ministry only issues guidelines. That makes #3 wrong/irrelevant. By elimination, we are left with answer A: only 1 and 2.

33. In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located? [2018-1]

(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Nagaland

Correct Answer: (a) Arunachal Pradesh

Solution:"Pakhui/Pakke Tiger reserve" is in Arunanchal Pradesh, so if there is a wildlife sanctuary in Pakhui, it should be in "A" for Arunanchal Pradesh.

34. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at : [2018-1]

(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg
(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris
(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi

Correct Answer: (b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro

Solution:In 2012, Rio+20 (the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development) was held in Brazil....Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) was launched in 2013 as a response to the call at Rio+20 to support those countries wishing to embark on greener and more inclusive growth trajectories.

35. "Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by : [2018-1]

(a) The Inter governmentai Panel on Climate Change
(b) The UNEP Secretariat
(c) The UNFCCC Secretariat
(d) The World Meteorological Organisation

Correct Answer: (c) The UNFCCC Secretariat

Solution:UNFCCC secretariat launched its Climate Neutral Now initiative in 2015. The following year, the secretariat launched a new pillar under its Momentum for Change initiative focused on Climate Neutral Now, as part of larger efforts to showcase successful climate action around the world.

36. Consider the following statements: [2019-1]

The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to

1. State the requirement of public participation in the process of environmental protection, and the procedure and manner in which it is sought.

2. ay down the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Solution:Section 3-2(iv) Central Government may lay down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources whatsoever. So #2 is given, but there is no mention direct or indirect of #1 so Answer B: only 2.

37. In India, 'extended producer responsibility was introduced as an important feature in which of the following? [2019-1]

(a) The Bio-medical Waste (management and handling) rules, 1998
(b) The Recycled Plastic (manufacturing and usage) rules, 1999
(c) The e-Waste (Management and handling) rules, 2011
(d) The food safety and standard regulations, 2011

Correct Answer: (c) The e-Waste (Management and handling) rules, 2011

Solution:As per the Government notification, the E-waste Management Rules brings the producers under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), along with targets.

38. Consider the following statements: [2019-1]

1. Asiatic lion naturally found in India only

2. Double-humped camel is naturally found in India only

3. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only

Which one of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only

Solution:Two humped camel are called Bactrian camel, found in Central Asia's cold deserts. So, B and D removed.

Javan rhinoceros is called lesser one-horned rhinoceros and found only on the island of Java in Indonesia. Indian rhinoceros is called greater one-horned rhinoceros. So that means second statement is false, we are left with Answer A: I only.

39. In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere? [2019-1]

(a) Creating the artificial rains in some regions
(b) Reducing the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones
(c) Reducing the adverse effects of the solar wind on the earth
(d) Reducing the global warming

Correct Answer: (d) Reducing the global warming

Solution:Sulphate aerosol particles are very good reflectors of sunlight, and it has been shown, through various climate models, that even if 1% of current incident solar radiation is reflected back in space, a very significant amount of temperature rise on earth can be offset. So, D is the closest match.

40. Which one of the following are Agasthyamala biosphere reserve? [2019-1]

(a) Neyyar, peppara and shendurney wildlife sanctuaries and kalakad mundanthurai tiger reserve.
(b) Mudumalai sathayamangalam and Wayanad wildlife sanctuaries and silent valley national park.
(c) Kaundinya gundla bhrameshwaram and papikonda wildlife sanctuaries and mukurthi national park.
(d) Kawal and Shree Venkateshwara wildlife sanctuaries; and Nagarjuna-sagar-srisailam tiger reserve.

Correct Answer: (c) Kaundinya gundla bhrameshwaram and papikonda wildlife sanctuaries and mukurthi national park.

Solution:Agasthyamalai biosphere consists of Neyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife sanctuaries and their adjoining areas. So, A is the closest match,

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