Jain Religion

Total Questions: 58

41. Svetambara Agama was finally edited at the Jain Council of - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]

(a) Vaishali
(b) Balabhi
(c) Pawa
(d) Pataliputra

Correct Answer: (d) Pataliputra

Solution:In the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, 1st Jain council was held in which Shwetambara Agama were edited. Since all the ancient Jain text got destroyed, so to recompile them another Jain council was organised in 4ᵗʰ century BC in which followers of Bhadrabahu did not participate.

42. In which of the following place the first Jain Council was held ? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Patliputra
(b) Vaishali
(c) Mathura
(d) Ujjain

Correct Answer: (a) Patliputra

43. Read the following statement related to Jaina Literature and choose the appropriate option : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

Statement I : The Shvetambara Canon included the 12 Angas
Statement II : According to Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Vallabhi

(a) Statement I and Statement II both are true
(b) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
(c) Statement I and Statement II both are false
(d) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false

Correct Answer: (d) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false

Solution:The Shvetambara Canon includes 12 Angas. These are Canonical traits of Jainism based on Mahavira's teaching. Their compilation happened at 1st council held at Patliputra about 310 BC.

44. Consider the following statement : [U.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003]

1. Vardhamana Mahavira's mother was the daughter of Lichchhavi King Chetaka
2. Gautama Buddha's mother was a princess from the Koliyan dynasty
3. Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara, belonged to Banaras
Which of these statement is/are correct ?

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 3

Solution:Mahavira was born in 599 BC in a village named Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar. Mahavira's original name was Vardhamana. His father Siddhartha was the head of the Gyatrika Kshatriya clan under Vajji of Vaishali and his mother Trishala was the sister of Chetaka, the king of Lichchhavi. Mahavira was also related to Bimbisara, the ruler of Magadha who married Chellana, the daughter of Chetaka. Lord Gautam Buddha's mother Maya, Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess. Parshvanatha was born to King Asvasena and Queen Vama of Varanasi.

45. With reference to ancient Jainism, which one of the following statement is correct ? [U.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004]

(a) Jainism was spread in South India under the leadership of Sthulabhadra
(b) The Jains who remained under the leadership of Bhadrabahu were called Shvetambaras after the Council held at Pataliputra
(c) Jainism enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king Kharavela in the first century BC
(d) In the initial stage of Jainism, the Jainas worshipped image unlike Buddhist

Correct Answer: (c) Jainism enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king Kharavela in the first century BC

Solution:Bhadrabahuswami spread Jainism in South India. Their followers are called Digambars. Kalinga King Kharavela was the followers of Jainism. He gave patronage to Jain Monks and donated for their livelihood.

46. Which of the following statement is/are application to Jaina Doctrine ? [U.P.S.C. (Pre) 2013]

1. The surest way of annihilating karma is to practice penance.
2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.
3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

(a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:Jainism believe that each object even a particle has a soul. They also uphold the universal law of Karma. According to this law, every action - thought, word or deed - produces an effect which in turn serves as the cause of another action and so on. This chain of cause and effect is known as karma. It follows that the state of the soul at any given time is due to the Karma accumulated over countless ages. Karma not only encompasses the casualty of transmigration but is also conceived as an extremely subtle matter which infiltrates the soul obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities. Based on its karma, a soul undergoes transmigration and reincarnates in various states of existence like heaven or hell, or as humans or animals.

47. "Samadhi Maran" is related to which Philosophy ? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Buddhist Philosophy
(b) Jain Philosophy
(c) Yoga Philosophy
(d) Lokayat Philosophy
(e) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) Jain Philosophy

Solution:Samadhi Maran, Sallekhana, Sanyasna Maran is the last vow prescribed by Jain ethical code of conduct. The vow of Samadhi Maran is observed by Jain ascetics and lay votaries at the end of their life by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquid. It is allowed when normal life is not possible due to old age, incurable disease, or when person is nearing his end.

48. Consider the following statement : [U.P.S.C. (Pre) 2006]

The Ikshvaku rulers of southern India were antagonistic towards Buddhism.
The Pala rulers of Eastern India were Patrons of Buddhism.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 or 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 Only

Solution:During 3rd and 4th century Ikshvaku dynasty ruled over southern India. Thouth Ikshvakus of southern India followed a Vedic religion but also supported the Buddhist religion. Bengal emerged as the prominent nucleus of Buddhism during Pala dynasty. It was due to the support of Pala reign behind Buddhist.

49. 'Ajivaka' sect was founded by : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996, 39ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Anand
(b) Rahulabhadra
(c) Makkhali Gosala
(d) Upali

Correct Answer: (c) Makkhali Gosala

Solution:Makkhali Gosala was a disciple of Mahavira in the early period, later fell out with Mahavira due to the difference of opinion with him and founded an independent creed "Ajivaka." The belief of the sect is known as 'Niyatiwad' according to which every matter in the world is being controlled and operated by destiny (fate).

50. Who among these rendered that "Fate assingns everything, human is incapable." [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]

(a) Jains
(b) Buddhists
(c) Aajivakas
(d) Mimansakas

Correct Answer: (c) Aajivakas

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