Lokpal and Important Commissions (Indian Polity and Governance) Part-I

Total Questions: 56

31. Which one of the following is considered to be the second generation of Human Rights ? [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (e) Right to Work and Education
Solution:Right to Vork and Education Under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, the Human Rights mentioned in Article 3 to 21 are considered as the first generation Human Rights while the rights mentioned in article 22 to 27 are considered as the second generation Human Rights. The Right to Work under article 23 and right to education under Article 26 are considered as Human Rights. Thus, the right to work and the right to education both are second generation human rights.

32. Eradication of all types of social discrimination comes under which generation of Human Rights? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (b) Second generation
Solution:Eradication of all types of social discrimination comes under the second generation of Human Rights. The first generation of human rights deals with liberty and participation in political life. They are fundamentally civil and political in nature. The third generation of human rights refers to community and collective rights. The Jharkhand Public Service Commission has held option (c) as the correct answer.

33. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]

1. 'Right to the City' is an agreed human right and the UN-Habitat monitors the commitments made by each country in this regard.

2. 'Right to the City' gives every occupant of the city the right to reclaim public spaces and public participation in the city.

3. 'Right to the City' means that the State cannot deny any public service or facility to the unauthorized colonies in the city. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Correct Answer: (d) 2 and 3
Solution:The emerging agenda is strongly centred on the Habitat III (of UN- Habitat) policy theme of the "Right to the City and Cities for All". The sociologist Henri Lefebvre proposed the "Right to the City" in 1968. David Harvey developed the concept in the new millennium as a means to reshape urbanisation by enhancing or extending access to human rights. But it is not agreed agenda.

The Right To The City is defined as the right of all inhabitants present and future, to occupy, use and produce just, inclusive and sustainable cities, defined as a common good essential to the quality of life. The right to the city further implies responsibilities on governments and people to claim, defend, and promote this right. The city as a common good. The right to the city does not mean the guarantee of any of public service are facility to the unauthorised colonies in a city. Hence, statement 2 and 3 is correct.

Right to the city = spatially just resource distribution + political agency + social, economic                                            and cultural diversity

34. Under which Article of the Constitution the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance was issued by the President in 1993? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Article 123
Solution:The President of India promulgated the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance, 1993 under Article 123 of the Indian Constitution on 28 September, 1993 to provide for the Constitution of a National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions in State and Human Right Courts.

The National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body, established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The commission serves as a guardian of human rights in India, overseeing the rights associated with life, liberty, equality, and the dignity of individuals. These rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of India and are also reflected in international covenants, like the Paris Principles on Human Rights.
Human Rights: Section 2(1)(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines human rights as the rights concerning an individual's life, liberty, equality, and dignity, which are protected by the Constitution or outlined in international treaties and can be enforced in Indian courts.

35. When did the Protection of Human Rights Act come into force in India? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (d) 1993
Solution:On 28 September, 1993, the Human Rights Protection Act came into force in India. It protects and promotes Human Rights.

The National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body, established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The commission serves as a guardian of human rights in India, overseeing the rights associated with life, liberty, equality, and the dignity of individuals. These rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of India and are also reflected in international covenants, like the Paris Principles on Human Rights.
Human Rights: Section 2(1)(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines human rights as the rights concerning an individual's life, liberty, equality, and dignity, which are protected by the Constitution or outlined in international treaties and can be enforced in Indian courts.

36. Which statement is true in relation to the Protection of Human Rights Act? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) The Act came into force on 28th September, 1993.
Solution:The protection of Human Rights Act came into force on the 28th Day of September 1993. It extends to the whole of India.

The National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body, established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The commission serves as a guardian of human rights in India, overseeing the rights associated with life, liberty, equality, and the dignity of individuals. These rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of India and are also reflected in international covenants, like the Paris Principles on Human Rights.
Human Rights: Section 2(1)(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines human rights as the rights concerning an individual's life, liberty, equality, and dignity, which are protected by the Constitution or outlined in international treaties and can be enforced in Indian courts.

37. What was the objective of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:The main objectives of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 is to provide for the constitution of the National and State Human Rights Commissions and Human Rights Courts for better protection of Human Rights and matters connected in addition to that or incidental to it.

Salient features of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993

  • To protect human beings from violations of their rights. "Human Rights" include the right to life, liberty, equality, and dignity, as guaranteed by the constitution,
  • To protect these rights from abuses of power committed by state bodies.
  • To establish an organization for the advancement of existing living beings and the development of their personalities.
  • To provide effective and necessary actions for securing remedies ir the event of a violation of rights.
  • The most significant feature of the Act is that it establishes the National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions, and Human Rights Courts to prevent and prosecute serious human rights violations.

38. Which of the following rights is not under the purview of the National Human Rights Commission ? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (e) None of the above
Solution:According to the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) is responsible for the Protection and Promotion of human rights, defined by the act as Rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in the international Convention and enforceable by the Courts of India. Therefore, the rights relating to life, liberity, education and dignity are all under the purview of the NHRC.

Note- The MPPSC (commission) deleted this question from the evaluation.

39. In which Section of the Human Rights Protection Act, 1993 is 'Public Servant' defined? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Section 2(M)
Solution:Section 2(M) of the Human Rights Protection Act, 1993 defines 'Public Servant'. It shall have the same meaning assigned to the term under Section 21 of Indian Penal Code.

alient features of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993

  • To protect human beings from violations of their rights. "Human Rights" include the right to life, liberty, equality, and dignity, as guaranteed by the constitution,
  • To protect these rights from abuses of power committed by state bodies.
  • To establish an organization for the advancement of existing living beings and the development of their personalities.
  • To provide effective and necessary actions for securing remedies ir the event of a violation of rights.
  • The most significant feature of the Act is that it establishes the National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions, and Human Rights Courts to prevent and prosecute serious human rights violations.

40. In the definition of armed forces under the Protection of Human Rights Act, which of the following is not included? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) Armed Forces of the State
Solution:Under the Act, 'armed forces' means the naval, military and air force and includes other armed forces of the Union. Hence Armed Forces of the State is not included in the Act.

alient features of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993

  • To protect human beings from violations of their rights. "Human Rights" include the right to life, liberty, equality, and dignity, as guaranteed by the constitution,
  • To protect these rights from abuses of power committed by state bodies.
  • To establish an organization for the advancement of existing living beings and the development of their personalities.
  • To provide effective and necessary actions for securing remedies ir the event of a violation of rights.
  • The most significant feature of the Act is that it establishes the National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions, and Human Rights Courts to prevent and prosecute serious human rights violations.