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MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-I)

📆 November 6, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by a virus? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 23.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (d) Plague
Solution:Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can live in various environments. Plague is a serious infectious disease primarily affecting rodents and humans, transmitted through flea bites. Its bacterial origin distinguishes it from Zika, AIDS, and Ebola, which are all viral diseases.

2. What is commonly known as ‘white plague’? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (c) Tuberculosis
Solution:Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs. In past centuries, it was devastating, causing widespread death and often leading to a pale, emaciated appearance in sufferers, hence the grim nickname "white plague."

3. Which of the following is a disease caused by fungus? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 21.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Dermatitis
Solution:Dermatitis: Can be caused by fungal infections. Fungi are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Fungal infections (mycoses) can affect the skin, hair, and nails, leading to conditions like ringworm, athlete's foot, and jock itch, all of which fall under the umbrella of dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).

4. Which disease is caused by nickel? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.08.2017 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) Dermatitis
Solution:Nickel is a common allergen, and contact with nickel-containing items (like jewelry, belt buckles, coins) can trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. This reaction manifests as allergic contact dermatitis, characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes blistering at the point of contact.

5. The deficiency of which mineral may cause osteoporosis? [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (b) Calcium
Solution:Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them brittle and prone to fractures. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and is crucial for building and maintaining strong bones. A prolonged deficiency of calcium, often combined with a lack of Vitamin D (which aids calcium absorption), significantly increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.

6. Pyorrhea affects which part of the human body? [C.P.O. S.I. 5.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) Teeth and gums
Solution:Pyorrhea is an older term commonly used to describe severe periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis. This is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth, and if left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. It specifically affects the structures supporting the teeth, primarily the gums and underlying bone.

7. Tooth decay is caused by _____ . [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 11.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (d) Bacteria
Solution:Tooth decay, or dental caries, is primarily caused by bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria form plaque, a sticky film on teeth. When you consume sugary or starchy foods and drinks, these bacteria feed on the carbohydrates and produce acids. These acids then erode the tooth enamel, creating cavities.

8. Which of the following is a viral disease? [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (a) Zika
Solution:Zika is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. The Zika virus is mainly caused by a virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. Symptoms of Zika virus disease are similar to those of other viral infections such as dengue and include fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache, which named after the Jika forest of Uganda. This viral disease was first identified in monkeys in Uganda in 1947. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.

9. Which mosquito is the carrier of Zika virus? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 30.08.2016 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (b) Aedes
Solution:The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector responsible for transmitting the Zika virus to humans. This mosquito species is also known to transmit other arboviruses like dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever.

10. Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika ______ in Uganda. [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (a) Forest
Solution:Zika is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. The Zika virus is mainly caused by a virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. Symptoms of Zika virus disease are similar to those of other viral infections such as dengue and include fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache, which named after the Jika forest of Uganda. This viral disease was first identified in monkeys in Uganda in 1947. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.
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