MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

11. _______ is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 7.02.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Dysentery
(b) Malaria
(c) Chickenpox
(d) Herpes

Correct Answer: (b) Malaria

Solution:Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites, belonging to the Plasmodium genus (e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax), multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells, leading to symptoms like fever, chills, and flu-like illness.

12. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease . [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 10.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Mumps
(b) Pneumonia
(c) Malaria
(d) Cholera

Correct Answer: (c) Malaria

Solution:Malaria is a vector (carrier)-borne disease. The carrier or vector of the malaria parasite is the mosquito. Even in mosquitoes Not all types of mosquitoes, but through the bite of female Anopheles mosquito, the parasite ' Plasmodium', the causative of malaria, entern the blood from one human to another.

13. Viruses are usually made of which of the following? [S.S.C. Online Stenographer 14.09.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Protein + Carbohydrate
(b) Protein + Nucleic acid
(c) Protein + Ascorbic Acid
(d) Protein + Lipid

Correct Answer: (b) Protein + Nucleic acid

Solution:The simplest virus consists of two basic components: nucleic acid (single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) and a protein coat, the capsid, which functions as a shell to protect the viral genome from nucleases and which during infection attaches the virus to specific receptors exposed on the prospective host cell.

14. What is the study of viruses called? [SSC Online Constable GD 12.02.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Virology
(b) Biology
(c) Pedology
(d) Pathology

Correct Answer: (a) Virology

Solution:Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy.

15. Who invented the oral polio vaccine? [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 2.03.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Jonas Salk
(c) John Nash
(d) Albert Sabin

Correct Answer: (d) Albert Sabin

Solution:There are two main types of polio vaccines. Jonas Salk developed the first effective inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which was given by injection, in the 1950s. Albert Sabin later developed the live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), which could be administered orally and offered broader immunity, including intestinal immunity, which is crucial for preventing transmission.

16. Who invented Polio Vaccine? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 15.10.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Ernest Rutherford
(b) Jonas E. Salk
(c) Richard Taylor
(d) Karl Jansky

Correct Answer: (b) Jonas E. Salk

Solution:While Albert Sabin developed the oral vaccine, Jonas Salk is credited with inventing the first successful polio vaccine, which was an inactivated (killed) vaccine. This question is a bit ambiguous as it asks "the" polio vaccine, but Salk's was chronologically first and paved the way.

17. Who among the following developed the Polio vaccine? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 24.08.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Jonas Salk
(b) Robert Koch
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) F.G. Hopkins

Correct Answer: (a) Jonas Salk

Solution:Polio is a highly infectious disease, mostly affecting young children that attacks the nervous system and can lead to spinal and respiratory paralysis, and in some cases death. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by physician and microbiologist Albert Sabin. Sabin’s vaccine was live-attenuated (using a virus in weakened form) and could be given orally, in drops or on a sugar cube.

18. Polio is caused by— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 31.08.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bacteria
(b) Virus
(c) Fungus
(d) Protozoa

Correct Answer: (b) Virus

Solution:Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person’s spinal cord; causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the body).

19. Polio is a disease caused by which of the following? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Bacteria
(b) Mosquito
(c) Virus
(d) Cockroach

Correct Answer: (c) Virus

20. Which of the following is a viral disease? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 23.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Polio
(b) Tetanus
(c) Leprosy
(d) Plague

Correct Answer: (a) Polio

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