MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

21. Polio is caused by which of the following organisms? [S.S.C. Online CPO S.I. (T-I) 23.11.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Protozoa
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) Virus

Correct Answer: (d) Virus

Solution:Polio, or poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. This virus primarily affects the nervous system, potentially leading to paralysis.

22. What causes hepatitis? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 6.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Parasite
(b) Bacteria
(c) Virus
(d) Fungi

Correct Answer: (c) Virus

Solution:Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the virus hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Other viruses can also cause liver inflammation, including cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and yellow fever virus.

23. ______ is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Cellulose
(b) Glycogen
(c) Pectin
(d) Chitin

Correct Answer: (b) Glycogen

Solution:Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose, serving as the main form of glucose storage in animals (primarily in the liver and muscles) and also in fungi. It allows for rapid mobilization of glucose when energy is needed.

24. Lungs are the primary organs of _____ . [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Digestion
(b) Constipation
(c) Perspiration
(d) Respiration

Correct Answer: (d) Respiration

Solution:The lungs are the vital organs of the respiratory system. Their primary function is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood into the air, a process known as respiration.

25. Organisms that generate energy using light are known as _____ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 18.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Chemoautotrophs
(b) Oligotrophs
(c) Bacteria
(d) Photoautotrophs

Correct Answer: (d) Photoautotrophs

Solution:Photoautotrophs are organisms that can make their own energy using light and carbon dioxide via the process of photosynthesis. The word photoautotroph is a combination of autotroph the word for an organism that makes its own food, and the prefix photo-, which means "light". Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are examples of photoautotrophs. They are not to be confused with photoheterotrophs, which also make energy from light but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon, and instead use organic materials.

26. Which of the following is a communicable disease? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Diabetes
(b) Asthma
(c) Scurvy
(d) Measles

Correct Answer: (d) Measles

Solution:A communicable disease (also known as an infectious or transmissible disease) is an illness that can be spread from person to person, from animals to humans, or from a contaminated environment to humans. Measles is a classic example, spreading easily through respiratory droplets. The other options are non-communicable diseases.

27. Which of the following bacterium causes crown gall disease in plants? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 3.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

(a) Bacillus Thuringiensis
(b) Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
(c) Pseudomonas Fluorescens
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

Solution:Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease in a wide range of plants. It achieves this by transferring a portion of its DNA (T-DNA) into the plant's genome, which then causes the plant cells to proliferate and form tumors (galls). This unique ability makes it a valuable tool in genetic engineering for plants.

28. Which of the following parasites can be the cause of brain cyst? [C.P.O. S.I. 6.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Plasmodium falciparum
(b) Naegleria fowleri
(c) Demodex
(d) Cyclospora kainteensis

Correct Answer: (b) Naegleria fowleri

Solution:Naegleria fowleri is an amoeba (single-celled living organism) that lives in soil and warm fresh water, such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It is commonly called the “brain-eating amoeba” because it can cause a brain infection when water containing the amoeba goes up the nose.

29. Which part of the human body is affected by Alzheimer’s disease? [C.P.O. S.I. 6.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Heart
(b) Immune system
(c) Kidney
(d) Brain

Correct Answer: (d) Brain

Solution:Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the brain. It is the most common cause of dementia, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and changes in behavior, resulting from the damage and death of brain cells.

30. What is another name for the disorder called ‘parasomnia’? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 13.04.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Sea sickness
(b) Stammering
(c) Night blindness
(d) Sleepwalking

Correct Answer: (d) Sleepwalking

Solution:Parasomnias are disruptive sleep-related disorders that involve undesirable physical events or experiences that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousal from sleep. Sleepwalking (somnambulism) is a common example of a parasomnia, along with night terrors, sleep talking, and sleep paralysis.

« Previous 1 234 5 Next »