MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

31. The liver is affected; and skin and eyes turn yellow due to the deposit of bile pigments. Which of the following digestive disorders is described here? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 23.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Vomiting
(b) Constipation
(c) Diarrhoea
(d) Jaundice

Correct Answer: (d) Jaundice

Solution:Jaundice is a yellow color in the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. The yellow color comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of old red blood cells. Jaundice is a sign of other diseases. Jaundice is often a sign of a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. Jaundice can occur when too much bilirubin builds up in the body.

32. Jaundice affects newborn babies when they have too much bilirubin in their : [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 10.12.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Blood
(b) Pancreas
(c) Lungs
(d) Kidneys

Correct Answer: (a) Blood

Solution:Newborn jaundice is very common and occurs when a baby has high levels of bilirubin in their blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. A newborn's liver is not yet fully developed enough to remove bilirubin from the blood efficiently, leading to its accumulation and the characteristic yellowing.

33. DOTS is a treatment given to patients suffering from _____ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 1.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Polio
(b) AIDS
(c) Hepatitis
(d) Tuberculosis

Correct Answer: (d) Tuberculosis

Solution:DOTS stands for Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. It is the internationally recommended strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control. Under DOTS, health workers or trained volunteers observe patients taking their TB medication, ensuring adherence to the treatment regimen, which is crucial for curing the disease and preventing drug resistance.

34. Nikshay Poshan Yojana’ is a scheme introduced by the Government of India to provide nutritional support to ______ patients. [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 10.08.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Diabetes
(b) Arthritis
(c) Cancer
(d) Tuberculosis

Correct Answer: (d) Tuberculosis

Solution:The Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a scheme launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, to provide financial incentives to tuberculosis (TB) patients for nutritional support. Good nutrition is vital for recovery from TB and for bolstering the immune system.

35. For which disease the ‘Test and Treat’ policy has been started by the Ministry of Health and Family? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.I. (T-I) 7.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Smallpox
(b) HIV
(c) Polio
(d) Tuberculosis

Correct Answer: (b) HIV

Solution:The ‘Test and Treat’ policy has been launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for HIV disease. Under this, if a person is found to have HIV during the test, then he is immediately provided with the facility of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART).

36. Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay is a technique used in detection of which of the following diseases? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 12.04.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Kidney cancer
(b) Malaria
(c) Rheumatoid arthritis
(d) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Correct Answer: (d) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Solution:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a labeled immunoassay that is considered the gold standard of immunoassays. This immunological test is very sensitive and is used to detect and quantify substances, including antibodies, antigens, proteins, glycoproteins, and hormones.

37. The HIV virus destroys _____ thus weakening the immunity of a person. [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Platelets
(b) Mast cells
(c) Erythrocytes
(d) Lymphocytes

Correct Answer: (d) Lymphocytes

Solution:AIDS - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome is the disease causing virus (HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The HIV virus destroys white blood cells i.e. lymphocytes, which weakens a person’s immunity.

38. Which causative agent is responsible for spreading AIDS? [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Virus
(b) Bacteria
(c) Protozoa
(d) Fungus

Correct Answer: (a) Virus

Solution:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body’s ability to fight infection and disease.

39. In which year did scientists discover the virus that causes AIDS? [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) 1989
(b) 1992
(c) 1965
(d) 1983

Correct Answer: (d) 1983

Solution:In 1983, scientists at the Pasteur Institute in France, led by Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, isolated a retrovirus they called Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus (LAV), which was later identified as HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS.

40. Which organ gets affected in Weil’s disease . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

(a) Liver
(b) Lung
(c) Heart
(d) Kidney

Correct Answer: (d) Kidney

Solution:Weil’s disease is a severe form of leptospirosis, a type of infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. The classic form of severe leptospirosis is known as Weil’s disease, which is characterized by liver damage (causing jaundice), kidney failure, and bleeding.

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