MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

41. Which of the following is not a symptom of Wilson’s disease? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Fluid formation in the legs or abdomen
(b) Night blindness
(c) Problems with speaking, swallowing or physical coordination
(d) Uncontrolled movements or muscle stiffness

Correct Answer: (b) Night blindness

Solution:Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body's organs, particularly the liver, brain, and eyes. Symptoms often include neurological problems (like tremors, difficulty speaking, swallowing, or coordination issues), psychiatric problems, and liver disease (leading to fluid retention, jaundice). Night blindness, which is difficulty seeing in low light, is typically associated with deficiencies in Vitamin A or certain eye conditions, not Wilson's disease.

42. Flagella are the hair-like structures which act as organelles of locomotion in which of the following organisms? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 17.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Bacteria
(b) Amoeba
(c) Virus
(d) Paramecium

Correct Answer: (a) Bacteria

Solution:Flagella (singular: flagellum) are whip-like appendages found on the outer surface of many prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) and some eukaryotic cells (like sperm). They are primarily used for cell motility, allowing the organism to move through liquid environments.

43. Pneumonia affects which of the following organs of human body? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Kidneys
(b) Lungs
(c) Throat
(d) Liver

Correct Answer: (b) Lungs

Solution:Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung parenchyma, primarily affecting the alveoli (air sacs) which fill with fluid or pus, making breathing difficult. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

44. The foul smell from a body specially during a sultry summer is due to the action of ______ on sweat. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 12.04.2022 (Shift-I)]

(a) melanin
(b) moisture
(c) bacteria
(d) virus

Correct Answer: (c) bacteria

Solution:Sweat itself is largely odorless. Body odor, especially noticeable in warm and humid conditions, is primarily caused by the metabolic activity of bacteria that live on the skin. These bacteria break down compounds present in sweat (particularly from apocrine glands), producing volatile fatty acids and other compounds that have a characteristic unpleasant smell.

45. Bacteria was discovered by _____ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 10.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(b) Belarvs
(c) Hugo de Vries
(d) Robert Brown

Correct Answer: (a) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Solution:Antony Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to discover bacteria in 1670. It happened because he was trying to look at pond water with his magnifying lens and was able to see many large bacteria. He used a compound microscope.

46. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer. The most common area affected in it is the lining of the _____ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Heart
(b) Brain
(c) Stomach
(d) Lungs

Correct Answer: (d) Lungs

Solution:Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue covering most internal organs, called the mesothelium. The most common form, pleural mesothelioma, affects the lining of the lungs and chest wall (the pleura), and is strongly associated with asbestos exposure.

47. Which of the following diseases is caused by protozoa? [C.P.O. S.I. 4.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Filariasis
(b) Mumps
(c) Amoebic dysentery
(d) Tums

Correct Answer: (c) Amoebic dysentery

Solution:Amoebic dysentery is caused by infection with a parasitic protozoan called Entamoeba histolytica. It is produced in the intestines of humans, which is excreted through faeces and in this form infects another member by water or infected food.

48. Kala-azar disease is caused by _____ . [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 20.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Protozoa
(b) Viruses
(c) Bacteria
(d) Fungi

Correct Answer: (a) Protozoa

Solution:Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a serious and often fatal parasitic disease. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, primarily Leishmania donovani, and is transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies.

49. Which of the following diseases is caused by Leishmania, a protozoan organism? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 5.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Sleeping Sickness
(b) Acne
(c) Malaria
(d) Kala-azar

Correct Answer: (d) Kala-azar

Solution:Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal, if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia.

50. Which of the following causative agents causes the disease 'kala-azar'? [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 13.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bacteria
(b) Fungus
(c) Virus
(d) Protozoa

Correct Answer: (d) Protozoa

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