MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-II)

1. Which of the following diseases is not caused by flavivirus? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 11.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Japanese Encephalitis
(b) Yellow Fever
(c) Polio
Dengue

Correct Answer: (c) Polio

Solution:Flaviviruses are a genus of viruses that are typically transmitted by arthropods (like mosquitoes or ticks). They are responsible for a number of significant human diseases, including Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, and Dengue. Polio, on the other hand, is caused by the poliovirus, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family (specifically, the Enterovirus genus).

2. Who discovered the smallpox vaccine? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 12.10.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Edward Jenner
(b) Jonas Salk
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) Louis Pasteur

Correct Answer: (a) Edward Jenner

Solution:Edward Jenner is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox. Jenner’s work is widely regarded as the foundation of immunology—despite the fact that he was neither the first to suggest that infection with cowpox conferred specific immunity to smallpox nor the first to attempt cowpox inoculation for this purpose.

3. Who among the following developed the smallpox vaccine? [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Alexander Fleming
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) Albert Einstein

Correct Answer: (c) Edward Jenner

Solution:Edward Jenner is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox. Jenner’s work is widely regarded as the foundation of immunology—despite the fact that he was neither the first to suggest that infection with cowpox conferred specific immunity to smallpox nor the first to attempt cowpox inoculation for this purpose.

4. Which virus causes Small Pox? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 8.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Rubella Virus
(b) Herpes Zoster Virus
(c) Rabies
(d) Variola Virus

Correct Answer: (d) Variola Virus

Solution:Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, which, along with the vaccinia virus, monkey pox virus, and cowpox virus, belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. Smallpox is a serious and often deadly viral infection. It’s contagious — meaning it spreads from person to person — and can cause permanent scarring. Sometimes, it causes disfigurement.

5. Which of the following is caused by a virus named ‘Varicella Zoster’? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Polio
(b) Chickenpox
(c) Rabies
(d) Cholera

Correct Answer: (b) Chickenpox

Solution:The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus responsible for two distinct clinical manifestations: chickenpox (varicella) during the primary infection, and shingles (herpes zoster) as a reactivation of the latent virus later in life.

6. Which causative microorganism is responsible for the common cold and influenza (flu)? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 18.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Protozoa
(b) Fungi
(c) Bacteria
(d) Viruses

Correct Answer: (d) Viruses

Solution:Influenza (flu) and the common cold are both contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses. Flu is caused by influenza viruses only, whereas the common cold can be caused by a number of different viruses, including rhinoviruses, parainfluenza, and seasonal coronaviruses.

7. Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by the type of bacteria called ______ [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 10.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

(a) Bacilli
(b) Cocci
(c) Spirilli
(d) Vibrio

Correct Answer: (b) Cocci

Solution:While pneumonia can be caused by various microorganisms (viruses, fungi), the question specifically asks about bacterial pneumonia and a type of bacteria. The most common bacterial cause of pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a coccus (spherical bacterium).

8. Leprosy is caused by a bacterium called: [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 12.04.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Haemophilus pertussis
(b) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(d) Mycobacterium leprae

Correct Answer: (d) Mycobacterium leprae

Solution:Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the slow-growing bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testes.

9. Which one of the following is NOT a viral disease? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 11.08.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Leprosy
(b) Rabies
(c) Measles
(d) Smallpox

Correct Answer: (a) Leprosy