MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-II)

Total Questions: 50

11. Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoa parasite of Leishmania species? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Chikungunya
(b) Kala-azar
(c) Polio
(d) Malaria

Correct Answer: (b) Kala-azar

Solution:Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a severe form of leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, particularly Leishmania donovani. It is transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies.

12. Which organism causes kala-azar? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 14.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Azotobacter
(c) Clostridium
(d) Leishmania

Correct Answer: (d) Leishmania

Solution:Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal, if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia.

13. DPT vaccine is categorized as which of the following? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 8.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Anti-viral vaccine
(b) Anti-protozoan vaccine
(c) Anti-rickettsial vaccine
(d) A combined vaccine

Correct Answer: (d) A combined vaccine

Solution:The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or pertussis antigens.

14. Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 18.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Diphtheria
(b) Zika fever
(c) Polio
(d) Rubella

Correct Answer: (a) Diphtheria

Solution:Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make a toxin (poison). It is the toxin that can cause people to get very sick. Diphtheria bacteria spread from person to person, usually through respiratory droplets, like from coughing or sneezing.

15. Which of the following diseases is caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria? [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Leprosy
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Whooping cough
(d) Plague

Correct Answer: (c) Whooping cough

Solution:Bordetella pertussis is the bacterium specifically responsible for causing pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a "whooping" sound.

16. Siderosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 1.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

(a) Silica dust
(b) Iron dust
(c) Zinc dust
(d) Coal dust

Correct Answer: (b) Iron dust

Solution:Siderosis is a type of pneumoconiosis (a lung disease caused by inhaled dust) specifically resulting from the inhalation of iron particles or dust. It typically causes benign changes in the lungs, but prolonged and heavy exposure can lead to fibrosis.

17. Which of the following happens due to fluorine deficiency? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 27.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Dental caries
(b) Anemia
(c) Scurvy
(d) Arthritis

Correct Answer: (a) Dental caries

Solution:Fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries (or tooth decay, is the breakdown of dental tissues by the acidic products released by the “bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates.”) and possibly osteoporosis (a bone disorder which leads to a decrease in bone mass, and an increase in bone fragility), due to a lack of fluoride in the diet.

18. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats and carbs in one's diet reduces the rise of: [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Meningitis
(b) Diabetes
(c) Ebola
(d) Heart disease

Correct Answer: (d) Heart disease

Solution:A diet high in saturated fats can increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which contributes to the buildup of plaque in arteries (atherosclerosis), a primary cause of heart disease. Replacing these with unsaturated fats (found in olive oil, nuts, avocados) and healthy carbohydrates can significantly reduce this risk.

19. ______ is caused by severe protein deficiency. [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 24.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Rickets
(b) Kwashiorkor
(c) Xerophthalmia
(d) Goitre

Correct Answer: (b) Kwashiorkor

Solution:Kwashiorkor is a form of acute malnutrition that occurs due to protein deficiency. Kwashiorkor is a serious condition that can happen when a person does not consume enough protein. Severe protein deficiency can lead to fluid retention, which can make the stomach look bloated.

20. Kwashiorkor is in children who get ______. [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 9.10.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Low-carbohydrate diet
(b) Low-vitamin diet
(c) Low-mineral diet
(d) Low-protein diet

Correct Answer: (d) Low-protein diet

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