MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-II)

Total Questions: 50

21. Which of the following is a severe form of malnutrition that commonly affects infants and toddlers, most often around the age of weaning through age 5? [S.S.C. Online CPO SI (T-I) 10.11.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bacterial meningitis
(b) Diarrhoea
(c) Pneumonia
(d) Kwashiorkor

Correct Answer: (d) Kwashiorkor

Solution:Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition, specifically characterized by inadequate protein intake despite relatively sufficient caloric intake. It primarily affects children in developing countries, typically appearing after weaning when their diet shifts from breast milk to low-protein staple foods. Symptoms include edema (swelling), a distended abdomen, and skin and hair changes.

22. Which of the following is not an infectious disease? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 13.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Diabetes
(b) Smallpox
(c) Tuberculosis (TB)
(d) Cholera

Correct Answer: (a) Diabetes

Solution:Diabetes is not an infectious disease but a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar.

23. Which type of pathogen causes the water-borne disease Typhoid fever? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 30.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Algal
(b) Parasitic
(c) Protozoan
(d) Bacterial

Correct Answer: (d) Bacterial

Solution:Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Paratyphoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by Salmonella Paratyphi bacteria.

24. Typhoid and Tuberculosis are what type of diseases? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 16.08.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bacterial
(b) Viral
(c) Protozoa
(d) Fungal

Correct Answer: (a) Bacterial

Solution:Typhoid is a bacterial disease which affects the liver. It is caused by bacteria named Salmonella typhi. Typhoid results in the condition of vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Tuberculosis is another bacterial infection that affects mainly the lungs. However, now doctors have found other types of tuberculosis like intestinal tuberculosis, brain tuberculosis, etc. All types of tuberculosis are caused by Mycobacterium, which is a type of bacterium.

25. Which of the following can be diagnosed with the Widal test? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) AIDS
(b) Cancer
(c) Typhoid fever
(d) Tuberculosis

Correct Answer: (c) Typhoid fever

Solution:The Widal test is a serological test used to detect the presence of antibodies (agglutinins) produced in response to Salmonella Typhi antigens. It is one of the diagnostic tools for typhoid fever, although its utility has limitations and more modern tests are often preferred.

26. Why is it important to have iodized salt in our diet? [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 18.02.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) It helps in the smooth functioning of the thyroid gland.
(b) It improves eye sight.
(c) It helps in building bones.
(d) It helps in gaining height.

Correct Answer: (a) It helps in the smooth functioning of the thyroid gland.

Solution:Iodine is an essential trace element that the human body needs to produce thyroid hormones. These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders, including goiter. Iodized salt is a simple and effective way to ensure adequate iodine intake.

27. Goitre is caused by the deficiency of— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.09.2016 (Shift-III)]

(a) Zinc
(b) Calcium
(c) Iodine
(d) Chlorine

Correct Answer: (c) Iodine

Solution:Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is iodine deficiency, as iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. When iodine intake is insufficient, the thyroid gland attempts to compensate by enlarging to capture more iodine from the blood.

28. Deficiency of ______ indicate cause goiter. [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Calcium
(b) Iodine
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D

Correct Answer: (b) Iodine

Solution:Iodized salt helps create the hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure. It also helps to burn extra fat deposits that could lead to heart disease. Salt promotes healthy hydration levels and creates a balance of electrolytes. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of the cells, muscles, tissues, and organs. All the body components require water to function, and salt helps maintain the proper water levels.

29. Which drug is used as a Thyroid Hormone? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 3.02.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Metformin
(b) Ketoconazole
(c) Promethazine
(d) Levothyroxine

Correct Answer: (d) Levothyroxine

Solution:Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is the most common medication used to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in some thyroid conditions.

30. Deficiency of which hormone in the body causes "Goiter"? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 9.08.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Thyroxin
(b) Testosterone
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Estrogen

Correct Answer: (a) Thyroxin

Solution:Goiter is primarily caused by a deficiency of iodine, which leads to insufficient production of thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine. The body tries to compensate for this deficiency by enlarging the thyroid gland. So, a deficiency in the production of thyroxine due to lack of iodine is the underlying hormonal issue.

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