MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-III)

1. Which drug is used to cure Migraine? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 30.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Fexofenadine
(b) Tramadol
(c) Sumatriptan
(d) Levothyroxine

Correct Answer: (c) Sumatriptan

Solution: Sumatriptan belongs to a class of drugs called triptans, which are specifically used to relieve the symptoms of migraine headaches. They work by constricting blood vessels in the brain and blocking pain pathways. While other pain relievers might be used for headaches, sumatriptan (and other triptans) are targeted treatments for migraines.

2. Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted from one person to another? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) AIDS
(b) Syphilis
(c) Hepatitis
(d) Cirrhosis

Correct Answer: (d) Cirrhosis

Solution:Cirrhosis is usually a result of liver damage from conditions such as hepatitis B or C, or chronic alcohol use. The damage done by cirrhosis typically cannot be undone. But if caught early enough and depending on the cause, there is a chance of slowing it with treatment.

3. Who discovered the first vaccine for smallpox? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Alexander Fleming
(b) Edward Jenner
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) John Hunter

Correct Answer: (b) Edward Jenner

Solution: Edward Jenner, an English physician, is widely credited with creating the world's first vaccine – the smallpox vaccine – in 1796. His groundbreaking work laid the foundation for vaccinology.

4. Who invented Antibiotics? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 22.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Joseph Lister
(b) William Harvey
(c) Robert Knock
(d) Alexander Fleming

Correct Answer: (d) Alexander Fleming

Solution:Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish bacteriologist, accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 when he noticed that a mold (Penicillium notatum) inhibited the growth of bacteria in a petri dish. This discovery revolutionized medicine.

5. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from which of the following? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 8.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) synthetic process
(b) a bacterium
(c) fungus
(d) virus-infected cells

Correct Answer: (c) fungus

Solution: Penicillin is derived from the Penicillium mold, a type of fungus. This discovery led to the development of the first widely used antibiotics.

6. Who discovered penicillin? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 22.08.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Edward Jenner
(b) Niels Bohr
(c) Sir Alexander Fleming
(d) Heinrich Hertz

Correct Answer: (c) Sir Alexander Fleming

Solution:The first antibiotic (penicillin) was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in the year 1929, which was first isolated by Alexander Fleming from a fungus called Penicillium.

7. Which scientist discovered ‘Penicillin’? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.06.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Robert Koch
(b) Ernst Chain
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) Alexander Fleming

Correct Answer: (d) Alexander Fleming

Solution:The first antibiotic (penicillin) was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in the year 1929, which was first isolated by Alexander Fleming from a fungus called Penicillium.

8. Who discovered the bacterium? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 9.08.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
(b) Robert Brown
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Robert Koch

Correct Answer: (a) Antoine von Leeuwenhoek

Solution:

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using his self-made microscopes, was the first to observe and accurately describe single-celled organisms, including bacteria (which he called "animalcules"), in the late 17th century.

9. Who is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology"? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek
(c) Carl Linnaeus
(d) Charles Darwin

Correct Answer: (b) Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek

Solution:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is widely considered the "Father of Microbiology" due to his pioneering work in microscopy and his groundbreaking observations of microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa.

10. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was known for which discovery in late century? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 07.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Discovery of the properties of a stem cell
(b) Observation of bacteria and protozoa
(c) Discovery of the role of ATP as the source of energy for cells
(d) Discovery of nucleus in the cell

Correct Answer: (b) Observation of bacteria and protozoa

Solution:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was known for his observation of bacteria and protozoa in the late 17th century.

The first scientists to rigorously define the key properties of a stem cell were Ernest McCulloch and James Till.
The ATP molecule was discovered in the year 1929 by German chemist Karl Lohmann.
Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in the cell in the year 1831.