MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-III)

11. Which type of pathogen causes the water borne disease E. coli infection? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 27.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Protozoan
(b) Parasitic
(c) Bacterial
(d) Viral

Correct Answer: (c) Bacterial

Solution:

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacterium. While most strains of E. coli are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, certain strains (like E. coli O157:H7) can cause severe food poisoning, which is often waterborne or foodborne.

12. Which of the following diseases is caused by Helicobacter pylori? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 04.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Chikungunya
(b) Ringworm
(c) Rubella
(d) Gastritis

Correct Answer: (d) Gastritis

Solution:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacterium that can infect the stomach lining. It is a major cause of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach or small intestine lining), and is also a risk factor for stomach cancer

13. Which type of pathogen causes the water-borne disease poliomyelitis (polio)? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Parasitic
(b) Algal
(c) Viral
(d) Bacterial

Correct Answer: (c) Viral

Solution:Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person’s spinal cord, causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the body).

14. Which type of pathogen causes the water borne disease Salmonellosis? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 29.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Algal
(b) Parasitic
(c) Bacterial
(d) Viral

Correct Answer: (c) Bacterial

Solution:Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. It is a common foodborne and waterborne illness, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.

15. Which metal is responsible for Itai-Itai disease? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 8.08.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Cadmium
(b) Nickel
(c) Chromium
(d) Mercury

Correct Answer: (a) Cadmium

Solution:Itai-itai disease was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.

16. Person who is colour-blind cannot distinguish between— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.09.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) Black and yellow
(b) Red and green
(c) Yellow and white
(d) Green and blue

Correct Answer: (b) Red and green

Solution:The most common forms of color blindness (or color vision deficiency) involve difficulty distinguishing between shades of red and green. This is due to defects in the red or green cone cells in the retina.

17. 'Uveitis' disease is related to which part of the human body? [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Eyes
(b) Brain
(c) Heart
(d) Stomach

Correct Answer: (a) Eyes

Solution:Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation. It affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea). Uveitis warning signs often come on suddenly and get worse quickly. They include eye redness, pain and blurred vision. The condition can affect one or both eyes, and it can affect people of all ages, even children.

18. Ringworm is a disease caused by ______ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 11.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Fungi
(b) Bacteria
(c) Virus
(d) Flies

Correct Answer: (a) Fungi

Solution: Ringworm is a common fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails. It gets its name from the characteristic red, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle, resembling a ring.

19. Trachoma is a preventable disease caused by poor hygiene and sanitation. Which of the following body part does it affect? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 19.04.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Ear
(b) Heart
(c) Stomach
(d) Eye

Correct Answer: (d) Eye

Solution:Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Repeated infections can lead to scarring of the inner eyelid, causing the eyelashes to turn inward and rub against the cornea, leading to pain, damage, and potentially irreversible blindness. It is strongly linked to poor hygiene and sanitation.

20. Hay fever is a sign of which of the following? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Old age
(b) Malnutrition
(c) Allergy
(d) Overwork

Correct Answer: (c) Allergy

Solution:Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen (from grasses, trees, weeds), dust mites, or pet dander. Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion, which are typical signs of an allergic response.