MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-III)

21. What are cancer-causing genes called? [C.P.O. S.I. 5.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Operons
(b) Oncogenes
(c) Recus
(d) Mutans

Correct Answer: (b) Oncogenes

Solution:An oncogene is a mutated gene that has the potential to cause cancer. Before an oncogene becomes mutated, it is called a proto-oncogene, and it plays a role in regulating normal cell division.

22. Which of the following is a Dominant Autosomal Disorder? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 08.09.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) Albinism
(b) Cystic Fibrosis
(c) Phenyl Ketorunia
(d) Alzheimer’s Disease

Correct Answer: (d) Alzheimer’s Disease

Solution:In an autosomal dominant disorder, the mutated gene is a dominant gene located on one of the nonsex chromosomes (autosomes). The early-onset form of Alzheimer’s disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the altered gene from one affected parent.

23. Which drug is used to cure Incontinence? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Oxybutynin
(b) Ranitidine
(c) Azithromycin
(d) Levothyroxine

Correct Answer: (a) Oxybutynin

Solution:Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication that works by relaxing the bladder muscles, thereby reducing symptoms of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage of urine).

24. Which drug is used as an Antibiotic? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 7.02.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Metformin
(b) Ranitidine
(c) Azithromycin
(d) Ibuprofen

Correct Answer: (c) Azithromycin

Solution: Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections.

25. Which rays cause skin damage? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 23.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) X-Rays
(b) UV Rays
(c) Infra-red Rays
(d) Yellow Rays

Correct Answer: (b) UV Rays

Solution:Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a source of energy that is released naturally by the sun and artificially from sunbeds. Too much UV radiation from the sun or sunbeds can damage the DNA in our skin cells. DNA damage builds up over time, it can cause cells to start growing out of control, which can lead to skin cancer.

26. Which medicine is used to get relief from pain? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Risedronate
(b) Tramadol
(c) Folic acid
(d) Bupropion

Correct Answer: (b) Tramadol

Solution:Tramadol is used to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain, including pain after surgery. The extended-release capsules or tablets are used for chronic ongoing pain. Tramadol belongs to the group of medicines called opioid analgesics. It acts in the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

27. Who invented aspirin? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 25.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Ruth Handler
(b) John Harrington
(c) Roland Hill
(d) Felix Hoffman

Correct Answer: (d) Felix Hoffman

Solution:While salicylic acid (from willow bark) had been known for its medicinal properties for centuries, Felix Hoffman, a chemist at Bayer, is widely credited with synthesizing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in a stable and pure form in 1897, making it suitable for pharmaceutical production.

28. Which drug is used as an anti-anxiety drug? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 8.02.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Warfarin
(b) Diazepam
(c) Latenoprost
(d) Hydralazine

Correct Answer: (b) Diazepam

Solution: Diazepam (brand name Valium) is a benzodiazepine that works by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which has a calming effect. It is prescribed for anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, and seizures.