MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-IV)

Total Questions: 29

11. Which among the following is a vaccine developed by CSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology for Johne’s disease affecting sheep, Goat, Cow and Buffalo so as to immunize them and increase milk and meat production? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals)
(b) Porcine Parvovirus vaccine
(c) Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis vaccine
(d) JD Vaccine

Correct Answer: (d) JD Vaccine

Solution:JD vaccine is an indigenous vaccine, which has been developed by CSIR, an institute working under the Ministry of Science and Technology, to prevent viral infection in sheep, goats, cows, and buffaloes in India and to increase the quantity of milk and meat.

12. Which of the following group of scientists was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to Oxygen availability”? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2020 (Shift-III)]

(a) William G Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J Ratcliffe, and Gregg L Semenza
(b) Fraser Stoddart, Jean-Pierre Sauvage, and Ben Feringa
(c) John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino
(d) Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, and Barry Barish

Correct Answer: (a) William G Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J Ratcliffe, and Gregg L Semenza

Solution:William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Gregg L. Semenza shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discoveries on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. Their work revealed the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene activity in response to varying oxygen levels, which has implications for understanding and treating various diseases, including cancer and anemia.

13. Insects that transmit diseases are known as ____ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 16.01.2017 (Shift-1)]

(a) Pathogens
(b) Vectors
(c) Drones
(d) Scalars

Correct Answer: (b) Vectors

Solution:In epidemiology, a vector is any agent (person, animal, or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism. In the context of insects, mosquitoes (malaria, dengue), ticks (Lyme disease), and flies (sleeping sickness) are common vectors

14. Which is the toxin-causing bacterium that spoils cream, cheese and milk and makes them taste bitter, sour or bitter? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 07.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bacillus cereus
(b) Streptococcus thermophilus
(c) Bifidobacterium
(d) Lactobacillus plantarum

Correct Answer: (a) Bacillus cereus

Solution:

Bacillus cereus is a common bacterium found in the environment and can contaminate various foods, including dairy products. It produces toxins that can cause food spoilage (leading to bitter/sour taste, curdling) and food poisoning (vomiting or diarrhea).

15. In order to get clean drinking water disinfectant is used after filtration. Disinfectant, however, is NOT used for removing: [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-1) 21.04.2022 (Shift-I)]

(a) viruses
(b) parasites
(c) minerals
(d) bacteria

Correct Answer: (c) minerals

Solution:Disinfectant is not used for removing minerals from water. Disinfectants are effective against harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which can cause waterborne diseases. Examples of disinfectants commonly used for water treatment include chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet light.

16. Which of the following is a symptom of Haemophilia? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 9.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Night Blindness
(b) No clotting of Blood
(c) Rickets
(d) Loss of Haemoglobin

Correct Answer: (b) No clotting of Blood

Solution:

Hemophilia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally. This is due to a deficiency in specific clotting factors (proteins necessary for blood coagulation), leading to prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery, and spontaneous bleeding into joints and muscles.

17. Haemophobia is the fear of: [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 9.03.2020 (Shift-III)]

(a) heights
(b) darkness
(c) blood
(d) water

Correct Answer: (c) blood

Solution:Hemophobia is the extreme and irrational fear of blood. The prefix "haemo-" or "hemo-" relates to blood, and "-phobia" signifies fear.

18. What is thalassemia? [S.S.C. JE Civil Exam 23.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) A type of hereditary blood disorder
(b) A type of contagious skin disorder
(c) A type of curable cancer
(d) A type of protein present in dairy animals

Correct Answer: (a) A type of hereditary blood disorder

Solution:Thalassemia is an inherited (hereditary) blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Individuals with thalassemia produce less healthy hemoglobin, leading to anemia and other complications.

19. Which drug is used as an anti-depressant? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 18.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Oxybutynin
(b) Tremadol
(c) Sumatriptan
(d) Bupropion

Correct Answer: (d) Bupropion

Solution:Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant that works by affecting the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. It is used to treat major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder, and also as a smoking cessation aid.

20. Which drug is used to cure Glaucoma? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 19.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Fexofenadine
(b) Ketoconazole
(c) Latanoprost
(d) Ibuprofen

Correct Answer: (c) Latanoprost

Solution:Latanoprost eye drops are used to treat certain kinds of glaucoma. It is also used to treat a condition called hypertension of the eye alone or together with other medicines to lower pressure inside the eye that is caused by open-angle glaucoma or ocular (eye) hypertension.

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