MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (Part-IV)

21. Trachoma disease is related to which of the following organs? [S.S.C. Online Stenographer 14.09.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Nose
(b) Teeth
(c) Ear
(d) Eye

Correct Answer: (d) Eye

Solution:Trachoma is a chronic infectious disease of the eye, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It affects the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering the eyeball) and, if untreated, can lead to irreversible blindness.

22. Which of the following body parts is directly affected by the disease called 'trachoma'? [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 14.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Liver
(b) Eyes
(c) Lungs
(d) Teeth

Correct Answer: (b) Eyes

Solution:Trachoma is an eye-related infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Symptoms of trachoma include tearing as well as burning in the eyes, hypersensitivity to light, pain, and blindness.

23. Who discovered the TB vaccine? [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 13.10.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Leon Calmette and Camille Guerin
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) Jonas Salk and Camille Guerin

Correct Answer: (b) Leon Calmette and Camille Guerin

Solution:The BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine, which provides protection against tuberculosis, was developed by two French scientists, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, in 1921. Leon Calmette is often referred to as Albert Calmette.

24. Which of the following is an example of an infectious disease? [S.S.C. Online M.T.S. (T-I) 13.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Dementia
(b) Pulmonary hypertension
(c) Diabetes
(d) Tuberculosis

Correct Answer: (d) Tuberculosis

Solution:Tuberculosis or TB is an example of an infectious disease, as the disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through contact with an infected person. This bacteria usually affects the lungs.

25. Bedaquiline drug was developed to treat which of the following diseases? [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 18.02.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) MDR-TB
(b) Osteoarthritis
(c) Acute myeloid leukaemia
(d) Cholera

Correct Answer: (a) MDR-TB

Solution:Bedaquiline is a novel antibiotic specifically developed to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It belongs to a new class of drugs that targets the ATP synthase in the bacteria, offering a crucial new option for patients who do not respond to conventional TB treatments.

26. Which medicine is used to treat high blood pressure? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Risedronate
(b) Diazepam
(c) Folic acid
(d) Hydralazine

Correct Answer: (d) Hydralazine

Solution:Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that primarily relaxes arterial smooth muscle, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and, consequently, a reduction in blood pressure. It is used to treat moderate to severe hypertension.

27. Who among the following was the founder of Homeopathy? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 13.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Samuel Hahnemann
(b) F.G. Hopkins
(c) Selman Waksman
(d) Robert Koch

Correct Answer: (a) Samuel Hahnemann

Solution:Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843) was a German physician who founded the system of alternative medicine called homeopathy in the late 18th century.

28. Which type of pathogen causes the water-borne disease Cholera?

(a) Algal
(b) Bacterial
(c) Protozoan
(d) Viral

Correct Answer: (b) Bacterial

Solution:Dr. Robert Koch has sought to explain the cause of certain diseases upon the hypothesis of the action of pathogenic germs, invisible to the human eye. Upon the microscopic examination of the stools of cholera cases, he found different forms and kinds of germs, and among these was one of comma-shape, which he fancied was the cause of this disease.

29. Which of the following diseases is not caused by water pollution? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 29.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Cholera
(b) Typhoid
(c) Asthma
(d) Diarrhoea

Correct Answer: (c) Asthma

Solution:Cholera, Typhoid, and various forms of diarrheal diseases are classic examples of illnesses that spread when drinking water sources are contaminated with pathogens. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, often exacerbated by environmental factors like air pollution, allergens, or irritants, but not directly caused by water pollution.