Minerals Resources (Part-III)

The generation of transportation fuels and other fuels relies heavily on oil refineries. Once separated, the components of crude oil can be sold to various businesses for a variety of uses.

After distillation, lubricants can be supplied to manufacturing facilities, whilst other products need additional refinement before being sold to consumers.

The daily processing capacity of large refineries is in the hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil. The production of raw crude oil is referred to as the "upstream" sector in the industry, whereas the refining process is generally referred to as the "downstream" sector.

The phrase "downstream" refers to the idea that oil is transported to an oil refinery to be converted into fuel as it moves further down the product value chain. The downstream stage also includes the actual sale of petroleum products to other businesses, governments, or private individuals.

The generation of transportation fuels and other fuels relies heavily on oil refineries. Once separated, the components of crude oil can be sold to various businesses for a variety of uses.

After distillation, lubricants can be supplied to manufacturing facilities, whilst other products need additional refinement before being sold to consumers.

The daily processing capacity of large refineries is in the hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil. The production of raw crude oil is referred to as the "upstream" sector in the industry, whereas the refining process is generally referred to as the "downstream" sector.

The phrase "downstream" refers to the idea that oil is transported to an oil refinery to be converted into fuel as it moves further down the product value chain. The downstream stage also includes the actual sale of petroleum products to other businesses, governments, or private individuals.

Once separated, the components of crude oil can be sold to various businesses for a variety of uses. After distillation, lubricants can be supplied to manufacturing facilities, whilst other products need additional refinement before being sold to consumers.

The daily processing capacity of large refineries is in the hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil. The production of raw crude oil is referred to as the "upstream" sector in the industry, whereas the refining process is generally referred to as the "downstream" sector.

The phrase "downstream" refers to the idea that oil is transported to an oil refinery to be converted into fuel as it moves further down the product value chain. The downstream stage also includes the actual sale of petroleum products to other businesses, governments, or private individuals.

Most of the oil reserves in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the sedimentary rock formations of tertiary times. In tertiary period, aquatic life was abundant in various forms, especially the minor microscopic forms of flora and fauna.

Conditions for oil formation were favourable especially in the lower and middle Tertiary period. Dense forests and sea organisms flourished in the gulfs, estuaries, deltas and the land surrounding them during this period.

Source rocks are specific shale formations in a basin where oil and gas are born. There are 26 sedimentary basins in India, covering a total area of 3.4 million square kilometer.

Of the total sedimentary area, 49% of total area is located on land, 12% in shallow water (up to 400 meter water depth) and 39% in the deepwater area (farther up to Exclusive Economic Zone or EEZ).

The jurisdiction of the EEZ extends 200 nautical miles from the coastline, thereby conferring on the coastal state the right to manage, explore, exploit, and conserve all resources within its purview, be they living or non-living.