Miscellaneous And Useful Chemical Compounds (Part-VI)

Total Questions: 49

21. Who synthesised acetic acid for the first time? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 03.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Berzelius
(b) Kolbe
(c) F Wohler
(d) Berthelot

Correct Answer: (b) Kolbe

Solution:In 1845, German chemist Hermann Kolbe synthesized acetic acid from inorganic compounds for the first time. He made carbon disulfide with chlorine and formed carbon tetrachloride as the product.

22. In 1857, who was the first to experimentally demonstrate that the yeast responsible for making alcohol from sugar, and contaminating microorganisms found in normal air, could sour fermentation? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 02.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Martinus Willem Beijerinck
(c) Fanny Hesse
(d) Alexander Fleming

Correct Answer: (a) Louis Pasteur

Solution:In 1857, Louis Pasteur was the first to experimentally demonstrate that the yeast responsible for making alcohol from sugar, and contaminating microorganisms found in normal air, could sour fermentation.

23. Identify a fomite from the following. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 13.12.2022 (Shift-I)]

(a) Drinking water
(b) Blood
(c) Saliva
(d) Glass

Correct Answer: (d) Glass

Solution:A fomite refers to inanimate objects that can carry and spread disease and infectious agents. Fomites can also be called passive vectors. Therefore, glass is a fomite from the given options.
The common infectious diseases spread through fomites include: Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza, Norovirus, Rhinovirus, etc.

24. Which theory discusses the relationship between ligand bonding and degradation of d orbitals in metal complexes and the geometry of metal complexes and the splitting of d orbitals? [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 05.12.2022 (Shift-IV)]

(a) Crystal field theory (CFT)
(b) Ligand field theory (LFT)
(c) Valence bond theory (VBT)
(d) Molecular orbital theory (MOT)

Correct Answer: (a) Crystal field theory (CFT)

Solution:Crystal field theory (CFT) describes the breaking of orbital degeneracy in transition metal complexes due to the presence of ligands. CFT qualitatively describes the strength of the metal-ligand bonds. Based on the strength of the metal-ligand bonds, the energy of the system is altered. This may lead to a change in magnetic properties as well as color. Hans Bethe and John Hasbrouck van Vleck developed this theory.

Ligand field theory (LFT): Describes the bonding, orbital arrangement, and characteristics of coordination complexes, representing an application of molecular orbital theory to transition metal complexes.
Valence bond theory (VBT): Electrons occupy atomic orbitals rather than molecular orbitals. Overlapping of atomic orbitals forms a chemical bond, localizing electrons in the bond region.
Molecular orbital theory (MOT): Atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. Electrons are present in various atomic orbitals and are associated with several nuclei.

25. Who among the following discovered Radium? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 20.09.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Marie Curie
(b) Albert Einstein
(c) R.A. Millikan
(d) Pavel Schilling

Correct Answer: (a) Marie Curie

Solution:Radium is a radioactive element, which was discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie.

26. Who among the following scientists invented Kevlar? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.03.2020 (Shift-III)]

(a) Marry Anderson
(b) George Eastman
(c) Steve Wozniak
(d) Stephanie Louise Kwolek

Correct Answer: (d) Stephanie Louise Kwolek

Solution:Kevlar is a strong and heat-resistant fiber. It was discovered by Stephanie Louise Kwolek in the year 1965.

27. William Crookes was a physical chemist who discovered and named the element [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.06.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Plutonium
(b) Thallium
(c) Beryllium
(d) Germanium

Correct Answer: (b) Thallium

Solution:Thallium is an element with atomic number 81, which was discovered by the British chemist William Crookes in 1861.

28. ______ was the first person to isolate Methane gas. He discovered that Methane mixed with air could be exploded using an electric spark. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) William Thomson
(b) Alessandro Volta
(c) William Crookes
(d) Louis Pasteur

Correct Answer: (b) Alessandro Volta

Solution:Methane was first discovered by Alessandro Volta during his study of marsh gas in Lake Maggiore. He found that methane mixed in the air burns up with an explosion from an electric spark.

29. Who invented the atomic battery in 1912? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Alessandro Volta
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Henry Moseley
(d) Benjamin Franklin

Correct Answer: (c) Henry Moseley

Solution:The atomic battery was invented by Henry Moseley. It is a device in which electricity is produced by the decay of radioactive material. They are used in places where an uninterrupted power supply is required, such as in spacecraft, pacemakers, and submerged instruments.
Note: The question mentions 1912, but according to available sources, the atomic battery is considered to have been invented in 1913.

30. Who among the following discovered the electron? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.I. (T-I) 3.07.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Archimedes
(b) Rual Amunsan
(c) J.J. Thomson
(d) Rudolf Diesel

Correct Answer: (c) J.J. Thomson

Solution:The scientist who discovered the electron was J.J. Thomson in 1897. The electron is a negatively charged (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulomb) particle. J.J. Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery.

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