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Miscellaneous (Indian Polity) (Part-3)

📆 November 20, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Which type of government is based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a fair chance of losing? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.J. (T-I) 2.07.2017 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (a) Democratic
Solution:It is the democratic form of government that allows for a free and fair election and a government has an equal chance of returning to power or losing as that of other political parties.In another form of government, there is no such system of a free and fair election.

Democratic Governments

Not all governments are authoritarian. In some countries, the people decided that the government should serve the people instead of the other way around. These governments are called democracies.

Monarchy

A monarchy is ruled by a hereditary leader, such as a king. Monarchies can be absolute, constitutional, or ceremonial. An absolute monarch controls the entire government; an example of this form of government is Saudi Arabia.

Dictatorship

A dictatorship is ruled by a group of people selected by one person. The people who run the government are responsible to the dictator and no one else

Oligarchy

An oligarchy is ruled by a smaller group. There are many different kinds of oligarchies. In many places, the military holds the power. This type of government is called a stratocracy. Currently, Thailand is a country under military control.

Authoritarian Governments

Some governments are run by one powerful person or a small group of people in a country. These types of governments are called authoritarian because the people must serve the government. Because of this, authoritarian governments frequently do not respect the rights of individuals.

2. A government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens rights. [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.L . (T-I) 5.07.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (b) Democratic
Solution:A democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens rights. A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes simply because it has won an election. Every major decision has to go through a series of consultations. Every office bearer has certain rights and responsibilities assigned by the constitution and the law.

Democratic Governments

Not all governments are authoritarian. In some countries, the people decided that the government should serve the people instead of the other way around. These governments are called democracies.

Monarchy

A monarchy is ruled by a hereditary leader, such as a king. Monarchies can be absolute, constitutional, or ceremonial. An absolute monarch controls the entire government; an example of this form of government is Saudi Arabia.

Dictatorship

A dictatorship is ruled by a group of people selected by one person. The people who run the government are responsible to the dictator and no one else

Oligarchy

An oligarchy is ruled by a smaller group. There are many different kinds of oligarchies. In many places, the military holds the power. This type of government is called a stratocracy. Currently, Thailand is a country under military control.

Authoritarian Governments

Some governments are run by one powerful person or a small group of people in a country. These types of governments are called authoritarian because the people must serve the government. Because of this, authoritarian governments frequently do not respect the rights of individuals.

3. Match the following [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.I. (T-I) 5.07.2017 (Shift-II)]

Word Meaning
Executive C: Such a body of persons which has the authority to make major policies, decisions and implement them on the basis of the constitution and laws of the country.
Judiciary A: A political institution that has the authority to administer justice and settle legal disputes.
Assembly B: Assembly of people's representatives who have the right to make laws of the country.
Option 1 (Executive) 2 (Judiciary) 3 (Assembly)
(a) C A B
(b) B C A
(c) A C B
(d) B A C
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:
Word Meaning
Executive Such a body of persons which has the authority to make major policies, decisions and implement them according to the constitution and laws of the country. (C)
Judiciary A political institution that has the authority to administer justice and settle legal disputes. (A)
Assembly Assembly of people's representatives who have the right to make laws of the country. (B)

4. The Look East Policy in India was started by which of the following Prime Ministers? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (c) P.V. Narasimha Rao
Solution:Look East Policy was initiated by P.V. Narasimha Rao in 1991. It was an effort to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia. Look East Policy now changed Act Fast Policy by Narendra Modi.

5. The Indian Parliament building was designed by________. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 18.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (c) Edwin Lutyens
Solution:The Indian Parliament House was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in 1912. Its construction was completed in 1927 and the opening ceremony was performed by the then Viceroy of India Lord Irwin. It is also called 'SansadBhawan'.

The new parliament building, developed as a part of Central Vista Redevelopment project, takes care of infrastructural hurdles in parliamentary functioning.

This architectural masterpiece was designed by Indian talent Bimal Patel. It embodies the entire nation's rich culture, pride, and spirit.

6. The building of the Indian Parliament is called_________. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (a) Parliament House
Solution:The building of the Indian Parliament is called the Parliament House.

7. Who among the following is not a member of the National Development Council? [S.S.C. Online C.G.L. (T-I) 30.08.2016 (Shift-I)]

Correct Answer: (d) The President of India
Solution:The National Development Council is presided over by the Prime Minister of India and includes:
  • all Union Ministers,
  • Chief Ministers of all the States and Administrators of Union Territories and
  • Members of the Planning Commission.

President is not a part of it.

8. When did the Sarkaria Commission submit its report? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 12.10.2020 (Shift-II)]

Correct Answer: (c) 1988
Solution:The agitation for State autonomy led to the creation of the Sarkaria Commission by the Central Government to recommend changes in the Centre-State relationship. The Commission submitted its report in 1988.

Sarkaria Commission Recommendations  – Key Points

  1. Centre-State Relations: Strengthen cooperation without disturbing federal balance; Centre should not dominate States.

  2. President’s Rule (Article 356): Use it sparingly, only as a last resort; implement guidelines before imposing President’s Rule.

  3. Governor's Role:

    • Governor should be politically neutral and not a recent active politician.

    • Should be appointed after consultation with the Chief Minister.

  4. All-India Services: Retain IAS, IPS, etc., to ensure national integration and administrative uniformity.

  5. Inter-State Council: Establish a permanent Inter-State Council under Article 263 for better coordination.

  6. Finance and Taxation:

    • Strengthen role of Finance Commission.

    • Use Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) responsibly to avoid central bias in fund allocation.

  7. Legislative Relations:

    • Use Article 252 (power of Parliament to legislate for two or more states) only with consent.

    • Respect state autonomy in subjects from the State List.

  8. Administrative Relations: Promote cooperation between Centre and States through mutual consultation and consent.

  9. Emergency Provisions: Strictly defined conditions should be met before declaring a National Emergency.

  10. Language Policy: Encourage promotion of Hindi without imposing it on non-Hindi-speaking states.

9. In which part of the Indian Constitution are Centre-State Relations mentioned? [S.S.C. Online C.G.L. (T-I) 4.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (c) Part XI (Article 245 to 263)
Solution:Centre-State relations in the Indian Constitution are primarily mentioned in Part XI (Articles 245 to 263). This part covers legislative, administrative, and certain financial relations between the Union and the States. 

Specifically, Legislative relations are detailed in Articles 245-255, while Administrative relations are in Articles 256-263

10. When was the National Democratic Alliance established? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 27.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

Correct Answer: (b) 1998
Solution:The 'National Democratic Alliance', an alliance of parties headed by BJP, was formed in 1998 the BJP and in 1999, it came to power with Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the BJP heading the govt.
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