Miscellaneous Physics Part-2

Total Questions: 51

11. In automatic wristwatches energy is provided by- [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Manual winding
(b) Battery
(c) Liquid crystal
(d) Different movements of our hand

Correct Answer: (d) Different movements of our hand

Solution:

The automatic watches do not require batteries for power to run. They obtain their energy from the movement of the wearer's hand. If these watches are not worn for 2 to 3 days by a person, they will stop.

Here's how it works:

Rotor: Automatic watches contain a weighted rotor that is free to spin on a pivot.

Kinetic Energy Conversion: As you move your wrist throughout the day, the rotor spins due to gravity and the inertia of your movements.

Winding Mechanism: This spinning motion is transferred through a series of gears to the mainspring, which is the power source of the watch. This process essentially "winds" the watch automatically.

Power Reserve: Once fully wound, the mainspring stores enough energy to keep the watch running for a certain period (typically 36-48 hours) even when it's not being worn. This is known as the power reserve.

12. In an electronic watch, the component corresponding to the pendulum of a pendulum clock is: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Transistor
(b) Crystal oscillator
(c) Diode
(d) Balance wheel

Correct Answer: (b) Crystal oscillator

Solution:In an electronic watch, a 'Crystal Oscillator' is used as its time-keeping element, while the pendulum clock uses a pendulum that is a swinging weight as its timekeeping element.

13. The working of the quartz crystal in the watch is based on the: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

(a) Photoelectric effect
(b) Johnson effect
(c) Piezoelectric effect
(d) Edison effect

Correct Answer: (c) Piezoelectric effect

Solution:The working of the quartz crystal in the watch is based on the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

14. Full form of MOEMS is: [R.A.S/R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Micro-Optic Electronic Media Source
(b) Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-Systems
(c) Mega Operations Electronic Media Software
(d) Micro-Optic-Electro-Mechanical Source

Correct Answer: (b) Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-Systems

Solution:The full form of MOEMS is 'Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-Systems.' MOEMS, also known as optical MEMs, are integrations of mechanical, optical, and electrical systems that involve sensing or manipulating optical signals at a very small size. MOEMS includes a wide variety of devices (e.g., optical switches, microbolometers, tunable VCSEL, etc.), which are usually fabricated using micro-optics and standard micromachining technologies using materials like silicon, silicon dioxide, and gallium arsenide.

15. What does "PUMA" stand for in the context of Robotics? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) Programmable Used Machine to Assemble
(b) Programmed Utility Machine for Assembly
(c) Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
(d) Programmed Utility Machine to Assemble

Correct Answer: (c) Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly

Solution:Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly (PUMA) or Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (PUMA) is an industrial robot arm developed by Victor Scheinman at the pioneering robot company Unimation. Initially developed for General Motors, the PUMA was based on earlier designs Scheinman invented while at Stanford University, USA.

16. Consider the following activities: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]

Spraying pesticides on a crop field
Inspecting the craters of active volcanoes
Collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis

At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using drones?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution:At the present level of technology, drones can be used for spraying pesticides on a crop field, inspecting the craters of active volcanoes, and collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis.

As per an article in December 2019, farmers of Khammam district (Telangana) are hiring drones to spray pesticides in their fields.

Drones can capture images of erupting volcano craters that would be impossible to get otherwise. Researchers are already using drones at volcanoes in Indonesia and Guatemala, etc.

In 2017, for the first time, scientists successfully used drones to gather samples of the fluids exhaled by spouting humpback whales for DNA analysis and tracking their health.

17. When and where was the Central Electrochemical Research Institute established with the efforts of Alagappa Chettiar, Dr. Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, and Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Lucknow, 1951
(b) Karaikudi, 1953
(c) Chennai, 1948
(d) Shivganga, 1953

Correct Answer: (b) Karaikudi, 1953

Solution:

Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), founded in 1948, has its roots in the patriotic fervor of Dr. R.M. Alagappa Chettiar, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, and Dr. Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar. On January 14, 1953, CECRI became a physical reality when Dr. S. Radhakrishnan dedicated CECRI in Karaikudi (Tamil Nadu), the twelfth national laboratory under the CSIR, to the nation. CECRI represents the largest research establishment for electrochemistry in South Asia. Headquartered at Karaikudi, CECRI has extension centers in Chennai, Mandapam, and Tuticorin.

18. When and with whose efforts was the Indian Institute of Science established in Bangalore? [R.A.S/R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) 1917, Prafull Chand Rai
(b) 1930, J.C. Bose
(c) 1909, Jamshedji Tata
(d) 1911, Meghnad Saha

Solution:The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, in the Indian state of Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamshedji Tata and is locally known as the "Tata Institute."

19. Which of these companies is established by the Government of Rajasthan with the aim to regulate developing needs of Information Technology skills in the 21st century? [Rajasthan P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

(a) Rajasthan Knowledge Company Limited
(b) Rajasthan Technology Private Limited
(c) Rajasthan Knowledge Corporation Limited
(d) Rajasthan Technology Corporation Limited

Correct Answer: (c) Rajasthan Knowledge Corporation Limited

Solution:The RKCL — Rajasthan Knowledge Corporation Limited is a Public Limited Company established by the Government of Rajasthan. The main objective of the company is to develop a new educational framework which can plan, implement, supervise, and regulate the developing needs for IT skills in the 21st century in the State of Rajasthan.

20. Which one of the following is not suitably matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

(a) National Institute of Oceanography - Goa
(b) Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services - Hyderabad
(c) National Institute of Ocean Technology - Chennai
(d) Antarctic Study Centre - Bangalore

Correct Answer: (d) Antarctic Study Centre - Bangalore

Solution:The National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) is an Indian Research and Development Institution, situated at Vasco de Gama, Goa, not in Bengaluru. Rest are correctly matched.

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