Modern History: Miscellaneous (Part-II)

Great poet Rabindranath Tagore emerged as a great painter at the age of 70 years. Tagore was the first Indian artist to exhibit his works in 1930 across Europe, Russia, and the United States of America, earning him critical acclaim in the West.

St. Francis Xavier arrived in Goa in 1542. He was instrumental in spread of Christianity in India and was one of the founding members of Jesuit order. He died on December 3, 1552 on a Shangchuan island (China). Hence statement 2 is incorrect. The feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated every year on 3rd December in Goa.

Jagat Narain Lal was sent to Hazaribagh Jail during the freedom struggle. After the release of Jagat Narayan Lal on July 14, 1929, Rajendra Prasad addressed a meeting in Gulabbag, Patna.

The Samadhis of Kasturba and Mahadev Desai are situated in the premises of Agha Khan Palace, Pune.

The Samadhis of Kasturba and Mahadev Desai are situated in the premises of Agha Khan Palace, Pune.

Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya was a nationalist and an important leader of the freedom struggle. He was the author of the official history of Congress and 'Gandhi and Gandhism'. He is famous for his defeat by Subhash Chandra Bose in congress session of Tripuri, 1939.

The Royal Commission, better known as the Whitley Commission, was asked to report and make recommendations on "the existing conditions of Labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in British India, on the health, efficiency and standard of living of the workers and on the relations between employers and employee."

Katherine Mayo was an American historian and nativist known for her polemical book Mother India (1927). Aldous Huxley was an English writer and philosopher. Charles Freer Andrews was a social reformer in India. He was also one of the best friends of Mahatma Gandhi. William Digby (May 1, 1849 - 29 September, 1904) was a British author and journalist. The common relationship between all of them is that they wrote commentaries on the condition of India during the British rule.

The Bengal Famine of 1943 was a large famine in Bengal, a State in British-ruled India, claiming the lives of 3.0 million people approximately.

The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, played a crucial role in setting the national agenda. He introduced the concept of Non-Alignment to establish peace and cooperation among peoples. The two primary objectives of Nehru's foreign policy were to preserve the hard-earned sovereignty, protect territorial integrity and promote rapid economic development. Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of Non-Alignment. The roots of Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) goes back to the friendship between three leaders — Yugoslavia's Josip Broz Tito, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, and Egypt's leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah strongly supported them. These five leaders came to be known as the five founders of NAM. The first non-aligned summit was held in Belgrade in 1961.