Modern History Of India (Part-II) (Railway)

It was initially designed by Andhra congressman Pingali Venkayya.

The first session of the INC held in December 1885 at Bombay, was attended by 72 members.

It was headed by Barindra Kumar Ghosh.

A number of nationalists were associated with it at various times, notably Aurobindo Ghosh (Sri Aurobindo), Bhupendra Natha Datta (brother of Swami Vivekananda). Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Pulin Bihari Das, Sarala Devi, Rash Behari Bose, Jatindranath Mukherjee (Bagha Jatin), SachindranathSanyal, Jatin Das, and Bipin Chandra Pal.

It served as the propaganda organ for the nascent revolu tionary organisation Anush flan Samiti that was taking shape in Bengal at the time.

In the summer of 1921 the tone of speeches by some Khilafat leaders became ever more violent.

Copies of the Muttafiqqa Fatwa, declaring service in the army haram, were secretly distributed from February to May 1921.

It was founded in Calcutta by Irishman James Augustus Hicky in 1780.

• It superseded the London Indian Society.

• It was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the slogan, "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it".

• He published two news papers Kesari (in Marathi) and Mahratta (in English).

• It was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I.

• Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Calipha of Islam.

• It had established a permanent factory there.

• Surat was the port used by the textile manufacturers of Gujrat.

• It was the most important centre for the overseas trade of the Mughal Empire.