MORPHOLOGICAL AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE

31. Some roots, called ______ arise from an organ other than the radicle. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 18.02.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Tap roots
(b) Stilt roots
(c) Fibrous roots
(d) Adventitious roots

Correct Answer: (d) Adventitious roots

Solution:Adventitious roots:
Roots that develop from any part of the plant other than the radicle (the embryonic root) of the seed. Examples include prop roots of banyan trees or roots that grow from stems or leaves.

32. Parallel venation is found in: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 27.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) plants which are monocots
(b) plants which have a dicot stem
(c) plants with leaves similar to Tulsi
(d) plants with tap roots

Correct Answer: (a) plants which are monocots

Solution:Parallel venation:
A type of venation where the veins run parallel to each other, either along the length of the leaf or from the midrib to the margin. This is a characteristic feature of monocotyledonous plants (monocots), such as grasses, corn, and lilies.

33. What is the role of pneumatophores? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 11.08.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Protects the plant from animals.
(b) Get oxygen for respiration.
(c) Helps the plant to stand upright.
(d) Helps the plant in pollination.

Correct Answer: (b) Get oxygen for respiration.

Solution:Pneumatophores:
Specialized root structures that grow upwards out of the water or soil. They are found in some mangrove species and other plants that grow in waterlogged, anaerobic (oxygen-poor) soils. Their primary function is to facilitate gas exchange, allowing the roots to obtain oxygen for respiration.

34. Root cap is derived from- [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.08.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Pleurome
(b) Calyptrogen
(c) Periblem and histogen
(d) Dermatogen

Correct Answer: (b) Calyptrogen

Solution: Calyptogen:
This term refers to a specific type of meristematic tissue found in the root tip of monocots. It is responsible for the formation of the root cap.

35. Which tissue has heavily thickened lignified walls? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 17.03.2020 (Shift-III)]

(a) Parenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Acrenchyma

Correct Answer: (b) Sclerenchyma

Solution:Sclerenchyma:
A type of plant tissue composed of cells with thick, hard, lignified cell walls that provide structural support and protection to the plant. This tissue is found in mature parts of plants.

36. Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 12.10.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Hydrology-Oceanography
(b) Anthropology-Cultural Geography
(c) Pedology-Phytogeography
(d) Demography-Population Geography

Correct Answer: (c) Pedology-Phytogeography

Solution:Pedology is the study of soil science, while phytogeography is the branch of botany that deals with the geographical distribution of plants.

37. Which of the following divisions of plants does NOT have a well-differentiated body? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-1) 12.10.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Bryophyta
(b) Pteridophyta
(c) Thallophyta
(d) Gymnosperms

Correct Answer: (c) Thallophyta

Solution:Thallophyta:
A former division of the plant kingdom that included simple plants like algae, fungi, and lichens. These organisms typically do not have true roots, stems, or leaves, and their body structure is referred to as a thallus (a simple, undifferentiated plant body).

38. In which part of a plant are mesophyll cells found? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 16.10.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Seed

Correct Answer: (b) Leaf

Solution:Mesophyll cells:
The parenchyma cells located between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf. They are rich in chloroplasts and are the primary site of photosynthesis.

39. Small roots coming out from the main root are called? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 11.08.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Tap root
(b) lateral root
(c) fibrous root
(d) curved root

Correct Answer: (b) lateral root

Solution:Lateral root:
These are roots that branch off from the main (primary) root. They increase the root system's ability to absorb water and nutrients.