National (Current Affairs – UPSC) (Part-III)

61. Consider the following statements: [2024-1]

Statement-1: Syndicated lending spreads the risk of borrower default across multiple lenders.

Statement-II: The syndicated loan can be a fixed amount/lump sum of funds, but cannot be a credit line.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-l and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I.
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I.
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.
(d) Statement-1 is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

Correct Answer: (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

Solution:Statement 1 is correct: Loan syndication occurs when a single borrower requires a large loan ($1 million or more) that a single lender may be unable to provide, or when the loan is outside the scope of the lender's risk exposure. Lenders then form a syndicate that allows them to spread the risk and share in the financial opportunity.

Statement 2 is wrong: Lenders are referred to as a syndicate, which works together to provide funds for a single borrower. The borrower can be a corporation, a large project, or a sovereign government. The loan can involve a fixed amount of funds, a credit line, or a combination of the two.

Hence Option (c) is the correct answer.

62. What are the duties of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) as Head of the Department of Military Affairs? [2024-1]

1. Permanent Chairman of Chiefs of Staff Committee.

2. Exercise military command over the three Service Chiefs.

3. Principal Military Advisor to Defence Minister on all tri-service matters.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1,2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only

Correct Answer: (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution:Some of the duties and functions of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) include the following:

To head the Department of Military Affairs in Ministry of Defence and function as its Secretary.

To act as the Principal Military Advisor to Hon'ble Raksha Mantri on all Tri-Service matters. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

To function as the Permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.

Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

To administer the Tri-Service organizations/agencies/commands.
To be a member of Defence Acquisition Council chaired by Hon'ble Raksha Mantri.

CDS will not exercise any military command, including over the three Service Chiefs, so as to be able to provide impartial advice to the political leadership. Statement 2 is incorrect.

Thus, Hence, Option (d) is the correct answer.

63. Operations undertaken by the Army towards upliftment of the local population in remote areas to include addressing of their basic needs is called: [2024-1]

(a) Operation Sankalp
(b) Operation Maitri
(c) Operation Sadbhavana
(d) Operation Madad

Correct Answer: (c) Operation Sadbhavana

Solution:Option (c) is correct: Operation Sadbhavana, the Indian Army is engaged in various welfare activities including the operation of Army Goodwill Schools, infrastructure development projects, and educational tours for children living in remote areas of the Union Territory (UT) of Ladakh.

Option (a) is wrong: Operation Sankalp by Navy for security of Indian vessels in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

Option (b) is wrong: Operation Maitri by the Indian Armed Forces in Nepal earthquake.

Option (d) is wrong: Operation Madad by the Indian Navy for natural disasters within India. e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2018 Kerala floods.

National (Current Affairs – UPSC) (Part-III)

61. Consider the following statements: [2024-1]

62. What are the duties of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) as Head of the Department of Military Affairs? [2024-1]

63. Operations undertaken by the Army towards upliftment of the local population in remote areas to include addressing of their basic needs is called: [2024-1]

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