Northern Mountainous Region

The average height of the Great Himalaya is about 6000m while the height of its highest peak, Mount Everest is approximately 8850 m. Note : Nepal and China Jointly announced the new hight of Mount Everest as 8848.86 meters.

The Middle Himalayas forms the most intricate and rugged mountainous system, with an average width of 50 km and elevation 3700-4500m. Its Vedic name is Himachal. Most of the hill station like Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie are located in this range.

The Himalayas are spread over most of the northern and north-eastern States & UTs i.e., Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura. Besides these, mountain range of Assam and West Bengal are also part of the Himalayas. So, Himalayas are spread over more than five states. The Western Ghats are spread over the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala i.e., 6 states. Pulicat lake is second largest (after Chilika lake) lagoon in India, straddles the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Therefore statements 1 and 2 are wrong and statement 3 is correct.

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) spreads across 9 states (administrative regions) namely, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura & 2 UTs - Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh and hill regions of 2 states viz. Assam and West Bengal. On the other hand the expansion of Uttar Pradesh lies only in the plain regions. So the Himalayan Mountain Ranges are not a part of Uttar Pradesh.

The Himalayan range is an example of a young folded mountain range and is the most youngest range among the given options. The Aravalli Range is the most ancient mountain range in India. Notably, the Great Himalayas is also called the Himadri range.

The Himadri Range is an example of the new fold mountain and is the youngest mountain range in India among the above mentioned options. Aravalli range is the oldest mountain range in India.

The highest concentration of seismic zones in India lies in the Himalayan region. Most of the area lies in seismic zone IV and V. Under this region, the area of Northeast India, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand is included. So we can say that the highest concentration of Seismic zones lies in Himalayan region in India. Hence statement (a) is correct.

Many longitudinal thrusts and faults lie in the Himalayas. Main frontal thrust (MFT) lies when moving from south to north. Between MFT and MBT (Main Boundary Fault) there is extension of Sub-Himalayan (Shiwalik). Between MBT and MCT (Main Central Thrust) there is an extension of lesser Himalayas. Above this is the extension of Greater Himalayas, which is also known as the CCZ (Central Crystalline Zone). HHC (Higher Himalayan Crystalline) is located above the MCT Tibet Himalaya is situated between HHC and STDS (South Tibetan Detachment System). The Himalaya lies to the north of ITSA Due to the location of the reverse region and the Himalayan geographical structure, it becomes the most concentrated earthquake zone in India. Due to the operation of plates in this area, it is an earthquake-prone area.

Due to the existence of a lake in the past, the plain formed by sediment deposition is called lacustrine plains. Kashmir valley and Imphal basin are the best examples of this.

Marine living fossils are found in the sedimentary rocks of lesser Himalayas, is the correct statement.
Remains of human civilization are found in outer, or Shiwalik Himalayas is also a correct statement.
The sedimentary rocks of Himalayas fossil less is incorrect statement as the sedimentary rocks of greater Himalayas have fossils in it.
Statements (2) and (3) are right while statement (1) is wrong. So, the correct answer to this question is option (b).

In Kashmir Himalayas, landform found is known as 'Karewa'. A succession of plateaus is present above the plains of Jhelum and its tributaries. These plateau like terraces are called 'Karewas' or 'Vuhr' in the local language.