NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, August 2024 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

21. Panchayati Raj Institution as a three tier administrative system was recommended in the committee report headed by:

Correct Answer: B. Balwant Rai Mehta
Solution:The concept of the Panchayati Raj Institution as a three-tier administrative system was recommended by the committeе headed by Balwant Rai Mehta.

This recommendation came in the form of the 1957 report, which proposed a structured division of rural local governance into village, block, and district levels. This system aimed to deepen democracy at the grassroots level by involving more people in their own governance through direct elections and by creating a linkage between the village and higher levels of government.

22. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Scholars)List-II (Research)
(a) A.H. BittleI. Coefficient of Racial Likelihood
(b) P.T. BakerII. Consanguinity
(c) P.C. MahalanobisIII. High altitude adaptation
(d) Karl PearsonIV. D² statistics

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B.
Solution:The correct matches between the scholars and their respective research focus areas are as follows: A.H. Bittle is known for his work on Consanguinity (II), studying how blood relations affect genetic traits and population dynamics. P.T. Baker researched High altitude adaptation (III), examining how human populations adapt physiologically to environments with low oxygen levels.

P.C. Mahalanobis developed D2 statistics (IV), a multivariate analysis technique influential in various biological and anthropological studies. Karl Pearson is associated with the Coefficient of Racial Likelihood (I), a statistical measure he devised to study the probability of racial classification based on anthropometric measurements.

23. The suborder Strepsirrhini of the order primates includes:

Correct Answer: D. Lemurs and Lorises
Solution:The suborder Strepsirrhini includes primates like lemurs and lorises. This group is distinguished by their "wet" noses and a reliance on olfactory cues for communication and environmental interaction. Strepsirrhines are generally considered more "primitive" in evolutionary terms than their Haplorhini counterparts (monkeys, apes, and humans), with adaptations suited to nocturnal lifestyles in many species and a strong dependence on a sense of smell.

24. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Scholars)List-II (Concepts)
(a) W.C. BoydI. Growth and Nutrition
(b) Theodosius DobzhanskyII. Proposed the use of ABO as a racial criteria
(c) Hirschfeld and HirschfeldIII. Genetic definition of race
(d) Stanley UljiaszekIV. Used nonadaptive criteria in racial classification

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D.

25. Eustatic Terraces are associated with:

Correct Answer: B. Coastal geomorphology
Solution:Eustatic terraces are associated with coastal geomorphology. These terraces form due to changes in sea level, where old shoreline levels become preserved as terraces following sea level fall.

Eustatic changes refer specifically to global changes in sea level caused by variations in the amount of water stored in oceans and seas. These terraces are important indicators in the study of past climatic conditions and are used to track historical sea-level changes.

26. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Name of the Tribes)List-II (Name of the Anthropologists)
(a) ApataniI. W.H.R. Rivers
(b) LodhaII. C.V. Furer-Haimendorf
(c) TodaIII. S.C. Dube
(d) KamarIV. P.K. Bhowmik

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D.
Solution:The correct associations between tribes and anthropologists are: Apatani were studied by C.V. Furer-Haimendorf (II), known for his extensive ethnographic work among tribes in India's Northeast.

Lodha were documented by P.K. Bhowmik (IV), who focused on this tribe in Eastern India. Toda, a pastoral community in South India, were famously researched by W.H.R. Rivers (I), a pioneer in the field of social anthropology. Kamar were studied by S.C. Dube (III), contributing to understanding their social structure and cultural practices.

27. As per the Scammon's growth curve, the highest rate of growth during the preschool years is observed in the:

Correct Answer: C. Neural growth
Solution:According to Scammon's growth curve, neural growth shows the highest rate during the preschool years. This curve illustrates that brain and head growth are most rapid in the early years of life, significantly slowing down as children age. This rapid neural development supports cognitive and motor skills development, highlighting the importance of nutrition and environmental interactions in early childhood for lifelong health and cognitive abilities.

28. Identify the chronological order of domestication of animals from the earliest to the latest.

(a) Dogs
(b) Birds and Fowls
(c) Cattle and Pigs
(d) Goats and Sheep
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (d), (c), (b)
Solution:The chronological order of animal domestication from the earliest to the latest starts with dogs (a), believed to have been domesticated from wolves as early as 20,000 to 40,000 years ago. This was followed by the domestication of goats and sheep (d), key in the development of pastoral agriculture around 10,000 years ago. Cattle and pigs (c) came next, integral to the advancement of agricultural societies. Birds and fowls (b) were among the last to be domesticated, playing roles both in agricultural practices and as pets.

29. The concept of 'muted-groups' in anthropology is attributed to:

Correct Answer: B. Edwin Ardener
Solution:The concept of 'muted-groups' in anthropology is attributed to Edwin Ardener. This theory suggests that subordinate groups in society are muted because their members must translate their thoughts into the dominant group's language, thus limiting their expression. It emphasizes how language and culture can act as barriers that prevent certain groups from having their voices fully heard or their experiences adequately represented.

30. For the Hardy-Weinberg law to operate, which of the following conditions must be met?

(a) Population size should not be more than 10,000
(b) Mating should be random
(c) No natural selection operating
(d) Gene flow should be high
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (b) and (c) only
Solution:For the Hardy-Weinberg law to operate effectively, two key conditions must be met: mating must be random (b), and no natural selection should be operating (c). These conditions ensure that allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. This model provides a foundational concept in population genetics for studying genetic variation and evolutionary processes.