NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, August 2024 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

51. Periodicity is related to which type of sampling method?

Correct Answer: C. Systematic random
Solution:Periodicity is related to the systematic random sampling method. In systematic random sampling, a sample is drawn by selecting a random starting point and then picking every kth element in succession from the listing of the population. The periodicity in this context refers to the interval k, which can introduce a risk of bias if it aligns with a pattern in the population. For instance, if the population has a repeating pattern every k elements, using this interval in systematic sampling could either overrepresent or under-represent certain traits or characteristics in the sample.

52. Arrange the following books in ascending order of their year of publications.

(a) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
(b) Descent of Man
(c) Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature
(d) The Antiquity of Man
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (c), (b), (d)
Solution:To arrange these books in ascending order of their year of publication: "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" by Charles Darwin was first published in 1859, establishing the foundation of evolutionary biology. "Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature" by Thomas Huxley, which supported Darwin's theories in relation to human evolution, came out in 1863.

Darwin's "Descent of Man", which elaborated on the theory of evolution by natural selection applied to human evolution, was published later in 1871. Finally "The Antiquity of Man" by Charles Lyell, dealing with geological and paleontological evidence for the age of man, was published in 1863, closely following Huxley's work but its fourth revised edition with broader geological insights came in 1873.

53. Which of the following books dealt with the impact of administrative policy, with special reference to excise policy (liquor)?

Correct Answer: B. Caste and the Economic Frontier
Solution:"Caste and the Economic Frontier" by Morris D. Morris is.a book that dealt specifically with the impact of administrative policy, particularly excise policy (liquor), among other economic issues.

The book explores how traditional social structures, like caste, influenced and were influenced by economic changes and policies under colonial rule in India. It delves into the interactions between caste groups and economic opportunities, highlighting how policy decisions could reinforce or alter traditional social hierarchies and economic roles.

54. Who among the following proposed the theories related to the dispersal of modern humans?

(a) M. Stoneking and R.L. Cann
(b) C.B. Stringer and P. Andrews
(c) M.H. Wolpoff
(d) Gunter Brauer
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (b), (c) and (d) only
Solution:The theories related to the dispersal of modern humans have been proposed by several key researchers.. C.B. Stringer and P. Andrews are known for the "Out of Africa" theory suggesting a single origin of modern humans in Africa before dispersing globally. M.H. Wolpoff has been associated with the multiregional hypothesis, which posits simultaneous evolution in several regions.

Gunter Brauer also contributed to the refinement of human dispersal theories, particularly through his work on anatomically modern humans. Stoneking and Cann, although involved in significant genetic studies related to human origins, are best known for mitochondrial DNA research that supports the "Out of Africa" model rather than a theory of dispersal.

55. Arrange the following perspectives in their chronological order of development

(a) Neuro Anthropology
(b) Cognitive Anthropology
(c) Psychological Anthropology
(d) Culture and Personality
(e) Symbolic Anthropology
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (d), (c), (b), (e), (a)
Solution:The chronological order of development for these anthropological perspectives is as follows: Culture and Personality (d) emerged prominently in the early to mid-20th century, primarily through the works of Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, focusing on how culture affects personality development. Psychological Anthropology (c) followed, expanding the scope to include broader psychological aspects of human cultures.

Cognitive Anthropology (b), which arose prominently in the 1950s and 1960s, focuses on how people conceive and categorize the world around them. Symbolic Anthropology (e) came into prominence in the late 1960s and 1970s, emphasizing the role of symbols in human society. Neuro Anthropology (a) is a more recent development that integrates neuroscience and anthropology to study the relationship between brain function and cultural practices.

56. Connubium refers to:

Correct Answer: D. Relationship between wife giving and wife taking groups
Solution:Connubium refers to the right of marriage recognized officially between groups, typically emphasizing the relationships between wife-giving and wife-taking groups within traditional societies. This term is rooted in the anthropological study of marriage alliances, where connubium dictates which groups can enter into marital relations with each other, often forming the basis of broader social, economic, and political relationships between clans, tribes, or communities. Understanding connubium helps in analyzing the kinship systems and social structures that regulate marital choices and forge inter-group alliances.

57. Racial theories during the nineteenth century encompass the following features:

(a) Humans could be divided into fixed number of races.
(b) Moral and intellectual capabilities were not evenly distributed among races.
(c) Mental capabilities were associated with specific racial features.
(d) Races are geographically isolated.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b) and (c) only
Solution:Racial theories during the nineteenth century were characterized by the belief that humans could be divided into a fixed number of races (a), that moral and intellectual capabilities were not evenly distributed among these races (b), and that mental capabilities were associated with specific racial features (c).

These theories often perpetuated stereotypes and justified colonial and discriminatory policies on the basis of presumed biological and intellectual superiority or inferiority. Notably, the concept that races are geographically isolated (d) is not exclusive or defining for nineteenth-century racial theories, as many theorists acknowledged interactions and migrations among different races.

58. The prehistoric rock art at Bhimbetka- the World Heritage site, depicts:

(a) Human figures
(b) Pregnant women
(c) Farming activities
(d) Warriors on horses
(e) Animals such as rhino, boar and elephant
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b) and (e) only
Solution:The prehistoric rock art at Bhimbetka, a World Heritage site, notably depicts human figures (a), pregnant women (b), and animals such as rhinos, boars, and elephants (e). These paintings are significant as they provide insights into the life, environment, and beliefs of the prehistoric inhabitants of the area.

The art does not prominently feature farming activities (c) or warriors on horses (d), as these elements do not align with the known themes and time periods represented in the Bhimbetka rock shelters, which largely predate domestication and organized warfare involving horseback riding.

59. Who among the following anthropologists associated kinship with demography and modes of production?

Correct Answer: C. Maurice Godelier
Solution:

Maurice Godelier, a French anthropologist, is known for integrating kinship studies with broader socioeconomic contexts, including demography and modes of production.

Godelier's work emphasizes how kinship systems can influence and be influenced by economic structures and demographic factors, making substantial contributions to the anthropological understanding of how familial and social relationships shape economic practices and vice versa. His approach offers a comprehensive framework for examining the interdependence of social structure and economic activities within different cultures.

60. Arrange the following European prehistoric cultural variants in sequential order from the earliest to the latest:

(a) Azilian
(b) Chatelperronian
(c) Denticulate Mousterian
(d) Natufian
(e) Magdalenian
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (c), (b), (e), (a), (d)
Solution:The correct chronological order for these European prehistoric cultural variants, from earliest to latest, is: Denticulate Mousterian (c), which is associated with Neanderthals and features tools with notched edges; Chatelperronian (b), a transitional industry between Neanderthal and modern human technologies; Magdalenian (e), known for its fine bone tools and cave art, representing one of the peaks of Paleolithic culture; Azilian (a), a later industry marked by the use of microliths and a decline in big game hunting; and finally, Natufian (d), which is associated with the beginnings of agriculture and sedentism in the Near East, although later than the previous European cultures but included for its significant transitions towards the Neolithic.