NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, August 2024 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

71. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-IList-II
(a) An Ash-Mound siteI. Billasurgam
(b) A cave siteII. Utner
(c) A Neolithic siteIII. Patne
(d) An Upper Palaeolithic siteIV. Sarutaru

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B.
Solution:In this matchup, the sites are correctly aligned with their archaeological significance as follows: Utner (II) is recognized as an Ash-Mound site, Billasurgam (I) is known as a cave site, Sarutaru (IV) is a Neolithic site, and Patne (III) is an Upper Palaeolithic site.

These classifications are crucial for understanding the temporal and cultural contexts of these sites within South Asian archaeology, providing insights into the human activities and environmental conditions of their respective eras.

72. The successive phases of development of pre Harappan and the three distinct phases of Harappan culture were revealed by French excavation at:

Correct Answer: D. Amri
Solution:The French excavations at Amri revealed the successive phases of development of preHarappan and the three distinct phases of Harappan culture.

These excavations have been pivotal in understanding the evolution of urbanization in the Indus Valley, highlighting the transformation from rural village societies to complex urban centers with advanced architecture, metallurgy, and trade systems that characterize the Harappan civilization.

73. The anthropologist who combined historical and Indological approaches in the study of Indian society is:

Correct Answer: D. Iravati Karve
Solution:The anthropologist Iravati- Karve is known for her combined historical and Indological approaches in the study of Indian society. Karve's work was pioneering in the way it integrated anthropological research with insights from Indian historical texts, local traditions, and cultural practices.

Her studies on kinship patterns, caste systems, and mythological texts helped establish a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and diversities of Indian society from both a contemporary and historical perspective.

74. The site Chopani-Mando, excavated by G.R. Sharma in the Belan Valley resulted in un-earthing of:

Correct Answer: C. Epi-palaeolithic and Neolithic cultures
Solution:The site Chopani-Mando, excavated by G.R. Sharma in the Belan Valley, resulted in the unearthing of artifacts and evidence pertinent to Epi-palaeolithic and Neolithic cultures. This site has provided significant insights into the transitional phases of human society in the region, showcasing the adaptation and evolution of early humans from hunter-gatherers to more settled agricultural practices, reflected in the tools, domestic structures, and subsistence strategies uncovered at the site.

75. The critical aspects of Participatory Action Research are:

(a) Collaboration
(b) Participation of people
(c) Participant observation
(d) Domination by outsiders
(e) Social change
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (b) and (e) only
Solution:The critical aspects of Participatory Action Research (PAR) include the participation of people (b) and the aim for social change (e). PAR is a collaborative approach that emphasizes the active involvement of community members in the research process to identify issues, develop solutions, and implement changes.

This approach seeks to empower participants and foster social change by directly engaging the people who are most affected by the issues being studied. The focus is on making research a democratic process that supports community development and transformation, contrasting sharply with traditional research paradigms that might involve observation or outsider intervention without genuine participatory engagement.

76. Longevity is a/an ___

Correct Answer: B. Dependent variable
Solution:Longevity is considered a dependent variable in research studies. This classification means that longevity is the outcome being measured and is influenced by various independent variables such as genetics, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and health conditions.

In studies concerning health and demographics, researchers often investigate how different factors affect the length of life, making longevity a crucial dependent variable in such analyses.

77. Arrange the following books authored by Levi-Strauss in the chronological order of their publications:

(a) Totemism
(b) Structural Anthropology
(c) Elementary Structures of Kinship
(d) Mythologiques
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (c), (b), (a), (d)
Solution:The books authored by Claude Lévi  Strauss should be arranged in chronological order of their publication as follows: "Elementary Structures of Kinship" was published first, establishing foundational concepts in the study of kinship structures. "Structural Anthropology" followed, which laid out the basic principles of structuralism applied to cultural phenomena.

"Totemism" came next, exploring the symbolic significance of totems in various indigenous cultures. Finally, "Mythologiques," a series spread across several volumes, delved into the structures underlying the myths of the Americas. This order reflects the evolution of Lévi-Strauss's theoretical contributions to anthropology.

78. The 'coding' DNA in humans comprises about of nuclear DNA.

Correct Answer: C. 2%
Solution:The 'coding' DNA in humans comprises about 2% of nuclear DNA. This portion of DNA contains genes that are transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins, playing direct roles in cellular structure and function.

The vast majority of human DNA, approximately 98%, is non-coding, meaning it does not code for proteins but has roles in regulatory functions, structural configurations of chromosomes, and possibly evolutionary processes yet to be fully understood.

79. 'Exchange between individuals results in social harmony', is central to the concept of:

Correct Answer: B. Transactionalism
Solution:The concept that 'exchange between individuals results in social harmony' is central to the concept of Transactionalism.

This anthropological and sociological theory emphasizes the dynamic and reciprocal nature of social interactions and exchanges. Transactionalism holds that social order and harmony are achieved through the ongoing processes of negotiation and exchange, which balance personal interests and social cohesion through mutual adjustments and accommodations among individuals and groups.

80. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (First discovery of fossil type)List-II (Country)
(a) Neanderthal ManI. Indonesia
(b) Homo erectusII. South Africa
(c) GigantopithecusIII. Germany
(d) AustralopithecusIV. China

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D.
Solution:The correct country match for the first discovery of these fossil types is: Neanderthal Man was first discovered in Germany (III), making it a landmark find for European prehistory. Homo erectus was initially discovered in Indonesia (I), specifically on the island of Java.

Gigantopithecus fossils were uncovered in China (IV), offering insights into prehistoric primate evolution in Asia. Australopithecus, pivotal to understanding human evolution, was first found in South Africa (II), marking significant contributions to paleoanthropology from the African continent.