NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam (Cancel), June, 2024 Geography

He had been provided with an eight-inch Hadley sextant by Ramsden with a silver circle graduated at twentysecond intervals and a two-inch Troughton sextant, a kind of pocket edition which he called his snuffbox sextant.
It was extremely accurate and very convenient to carry in difficult terrain. His barometers and thermometers had been standardized before his departure with those of the Paris observatory. The longitude determinations were made with a Dollond telescope and a chronometer by Berthoud whose rate of variation had been carefully checked.
Three different kinds of electrometer, provided with pith spheres, straws, and gold-leaf, allowed him to observe atmospheric electricity. He also possessed a Dollond balance for the measurements of the specific gravity of sea water, an eudometer for the analysis of atmospheric gases, a Leyden jar and the necessary chemicals and glass bottles as well as a cyanometer designed by Saussure.
This was an instrument by which the blueness of the sky could be determined through comparison with prepared gradations of blue colours and correlated with the hygrometrically determined humidity. The magnetic measurements were carried out with a Borda magnetometer, a rather cumbersome instrument
The blueness of the sky is the result of ____.

At the time of independence in 1947 India was considered an underdeveloped or at best a developing economy. Not only the country had a small GDP and a low Per capita income, there were also inter-regional and inter-sector differences in levels of development. Level of industrialization was low and the economy had not recovered from the negative effects of the Second World War.
Partition of the country had also had its toll and the country faced multifarious problems including the problem of a large refugee population. The notional economy needed reconstruction from the ravages of the World War and partition and reorientation from an economy exploited by colonial rulers to one catering to the needs of the teeming millions in the country.
A big planned and coordinated investment based push was necessary for the revival of the economy. It is in this background that a comprehensive programme of development and economic planning was initiated. Planning in India was conceived as a mechanism of economic growth with social Justice. To achieve this, the Government of India set up the Planning Commission in 1950 with Prime Minister as its Chairman (The Planning Commission was set up as an extra constitutional body).
The Commission was entrusted the task of devising objectives and strategies for the development of the country. Accordingly, the Commission suggested the system of Five year plans taking into account the needs and means of the country. First five year plan in India was launched in 1951.
In which of the Five Year Plan, The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was initiated ?