NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam (Cancel), June, 2024 Geography

The Pycnocline layer is found in seawater at depths ranging from 300 to 1000 meters, and the density gradient of the seawater is highest in this layer. The T-S diagram (Temperature-Salinity diagram) helps in identifying the water masses of the oceans based on the density of seawater.
Temperature, salinity, and density are used to identify oceanic water masses. The density of seawater plays a role in the vertical and horizontal flow of water, as it determines and controls the movements of the oceanic water. Thus, option (e) is correct.

Tsunamis are high-energy waves generated in the oceans, mainly caused by sub-marine earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or more on the Richter scale, resulting from faulting and plate collision on the ocean floor. Additionally, tsunamis are also caused by volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor, large submarine landslides, etc.
Therefore, not all tsunamis are seismic sea waves. Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning 'harbor wave'. In the open ocean, tsunamis form a slow and imperceptible crest due to the lack of steep slopes and the long wavelength of the tsunami waves. As a tsunami approaches the coast, its velocity decreases, and the height of the waves increases.
There is an inverse relationship between the depth of the seawater and the height of the tsunami wave. The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) was established in Hyderabad in 2007. It is operated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Thus, option (d) is correct.

The population explosion in Asia, Africa, and Latin America is linked to the Medical Revolution, as the medical revolution significantly reduced the high child mortality rate prevalent in these regions, leading to a situation of population explosion. Thus, option (d) is correct.

The correct chronological order of the abovementioned acts is as follows:
i. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1981)
ii. The Environment Protection Act (1986)
iii. The Biological Diversity Act (2002)
iv. The National Green Tribunal Act (2010)
Thus, option (b) is the correct chronological order.

The correct descending order (highest to lowest) of Albedo is as follows: Fresh Snow → Cloud Cover (Light) → Sand → Water (Sun near Zenith/Overhead). The fraction of the radiation (energy) reaching the surface of an object that is reflected back is called Albedo or the coefficient of reflectivity. It is expressed as a percentage. The Albedo percentages of various surfaces are as follows:
Thus, option (d) is the correct order.

The statement that "Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society" was given by E. B. Tylor, and not by Griffith Taylor. Thus, option (b) is correct

The correct descending order (decreasing order) based on the level of urbanization is as follows: Malta → Finland → Thailand → Nepal

The correct ascending order of satellites and sensors based on their spatial resolution is as follows:
OrbView-PAN →1 m
Cartosat-2 PAN → 2.5 m
IKONOS-2 MS → 3.2 m
Resourcesat-2A LISS → 5.8 m

The grazing of cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs on cattle farms in North America and livestock in Australia is a classic example of Commercial Livestock Rearing, not nomadic herding. The Quebracho tree, grown in the equatorial region, is a major source off tannin.
It is a very hard wood tree. It is an evergreen tree that grows in the dense tropical forests of the Gran Chaco region. Savanna is the main grassland of the African continent. Tall grasses are found in these plains.
Animals like elephants, giraffes, zebras, rhinos, deer, and other predatory animals like lions, cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs, and wolves are found here. In Savanna regions, animals are reared for carrying loads, meat, wool, and hides. The Prairie region is a temperate grassland located in North America.
It extends west of the Great Lakes in the interior parts of Canada and the United States of America (U.S.A.). It is one of the world's largest food-grain regions, famous for its wheatproducing areas.
In these regions, cows that provide meat and sheep that provide wool are reared. Thus, it is clear that statements (A) and (D) are correct, while (B) and (C) are incorrect, therefore option (b) is correct.

Weber, in his Industrial Location Theory, did not assume an entrepreneur as an economic and rational man (who seeks to maximize profit), but he did assume a uniform surface, complete information regarding the location of raw materials and market, and cheap labor being easily available everywhere.
Weber gave more importance to transport cost in his theory, along with the significant impact of labor cost and agglomeration benefits. While explaining the influence of both these factors on the establishment of a factory, Weber named the line that represents equal total transport cost as an Isodapane. Thus, option (d) is correct.