NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam (Cancel), June, 2024 Geography

The salinity is minimum, not maximum, in the Doldrums in the ocean because the rainwater reduces the salinity despite the high temperature and evaporation. The salinity in the Red Sea is higher than in the China Sea. In the northern part of the Caspian Sea, the salinity is minimum (14%) mainly due to the supply of fresh water by rivers like Volga and Ural, while in its southern part (Karabugas Gulf), the salinity is 17%.
The salinity in the Bering Sea is higher than in the Baltic Sea. Generally, 'salinity is the total amount of solid substances dissolved in one kilogram of seawater.' It is denoted as %0 (parts per thousand). Thus, option (e) is correct.

According to the 2011 Census, the correct descending order (decreasing order) of the total Scheduled Tribe population in the concerned states is as follows: Madhya Pradesh → Maharashtra → Odisha → Jharkhand.
The descending order of the top four states/union territories in terms of the percentage of Scheduled Tribe population in the general population is as follows: Lakshadweep (94.8%) → Mizoram (94.4%) → Nagaland (86.5%) → Meghalaya (86,1%). Thus, option (a) is correct.

The correct descending order of the Net Primary Productivity (kg/m²/year) of the above ecosystems is as follows:
Ecosystem                                                                                   Average Net Primary Productivity Mid-latitude Forests                                                                                          1300
Freshwater Swamps and Marshes                                                                  1250
Mid-latitude Grassland                                                                                      500
Open Ocean                                                                                                          125
Thus, option (e) is correct.

In his Rimland Theory, Spykman gave the highest importance to Sea Power. Spykman firmly believed that the foundation of international strategic relations in current world politics lies in maritime capability, and not in the Heartland.
According to him, "The fundamental fact responsible for the current circumstances of world politics is the development of oceanic navigation and the discovery of maritime areas for India and America.
Oceanic mobility is the basis for a new type of geopolitical structure-the overseas empire." Spykman designated the adjacent belt located outside the Pivot Area (Heartland)-the 'Inner/Marginal Crescent Belt'- as the Rimland, which existed as a partially terrestrial and partially maritime belt. Spykman's famous book is 'The Geography of the Peace'.

Based on the Under-nourished Population (2022), the correct ascending order of the regions is as follows: Central Asia → South America → South Asia → Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, it is clear that option (b) is correct.

The range of a good is the maximum distance an consumer is willing to travel to obtain a certain good or service. A place having a high-order service implies that lower-order services are also available around it, but the reverse relationship is not true. In the transportation principle for every high-order center, there are four nearest low-order centers.
The larger the city, the larger its complementary region. The Central Place Theory was propounded by the German economist Walter Christaller in his book Central Places in Southern Germany. Не calculated the population of central places, the mutual distance between them, and the population and area of other tributary areas according to the hexagonal principle. Thus, option (a) is correct.

The Pyramid of Numbers for an ecosystem based on a single tree is inverted. Additionally, the Pyramid of Numbers in a parasitic food chain is also inverted, whereas the number pyramids for grassland, pond, forest, etc., are upright. Ecological pyramids are generally of three types: (1) Pyramid of Energy Flow, (2) Pyramid of Numbers, (3) Pyramid of Biomass. The Pyramid of Numbers refers to the pyramid of the number of organisms at various trophic levels of the food chain in a biosphere ecosystem. Thus, option (c) is correct.

In the Seafloor Spreading Theory, the increasing age and thickness of sediments on both sides away from the ridges is evidence of seafloor spreading. Paleomagnetism is the most scientific evidence in favor of this theory. Vine and Matthews tested this theory based on the analysis of magnetic anomalies (magnetic stripes) and not on the analysis of the age and thickness of sediments.
The seafloor was initially considered a new and transient feature of the Earth's surface, but seafloor spreading proved that it is old and permanent. This was not explained in Wegener's Continental Drift Theory because seafloor spreading results in the formation of a new basalt layer. Thus, it is clear that option (c) is correct.