NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec. 2020/June, 2021 Geography

Vulnerable Hazard Zone for Cyclones East Coast: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Puducherry (UT) West Coast,Gujarat, Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala Island,Andaman & Nicobar Island, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu About 8% of the Country's areas are vulnerable to cyclone related disasters of various degree. Out of Coastline of 7,516 km, 5,700 Km are Cyclone prone area.
A cyclone is a general term for a weather system in which winds rotate inwardly to an area of low atmospheric pressure. For large weather systems, the circulation pattern is in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

Random validation of assignments is not an appropriate strategy used to promote qualitative research validation. One of the major techniques that can be used for establishing the validity of qualitative data includes choosing a skilled moderator. Employing a moderator will help overcome personal bias. Thus, the researcher or the organisation can employ moderators to ensure that the data is genuine and is not influenced from "what the researcher wants to see or hear.

Spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services describes central place model. Central Place Theory (1933) given by Walter Christaller sought to explain the economic relationships of cities with smaller settlements.
It also seeks to explain why cities are located where they are geographically and how they serve the surrounding smaller settlements with specially goods and services. The theory was used to explain a generally isotropic landscape, that is a flat and homogeneous surface, and how varied urban locations dispersed on such surfaces.
The population was seen as generally evenly distributed with settlements being generally equidistant.
In Christaller's C.P.T. the value of K decides the type of service the city centre serves i.e.
for K = 3 Market principle
for K = 4 Transport principle
for K=7 Administrative principle

Tourism is an industry that drives people to travel for recreation and leisure. The growth of tourism has had an economic, environmental and social effect on many countries. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and it generates a lot of jobs. Why has tourism increased? People have greater disposable income.
People have more paid holidays. Travel has become easier and cheaper. People are visiting a wider range of places. People have more leisure time. Many countries have invested money in facilities and infrastructure that make it easier for tourists, such as roads, airports and hotels.
Most of the developed countries have ageing population and high per capita income due to which the developed countries dominates the world in tourism so option E is incorrect. Ageing populations - people are able to travel in the free time that they have when they retire.

The rapid growth of information and technology industry in South India as compared to North India is:
- Climate
- Political support / support to infra structure
- Communication skills
- Education
Climate: South India doesn't have extreme weather conditions. Not too hot, not too cold, not too rainy or not too sultry making it opt to have uninterrupted working hours.
Political support / support to infra structure: IT industry's growth in Bangalore is largely influenced by their government. The government had extended huge support in its development due to which it is today's number one technology hub of India. As the other south India states observed the revolution taking place in Bangalore, they woke up to offer a very friendly relationships to IT establishments in their states too. They quickly responded to the needs (like SEZ establishment etc.) and offered the required infra structural support. Communication skills & Education: The number of Engineering colleges and Engineers passing out is more in South India than in North India.
The reason is, most of the recruitment of the IT companies are from the Engineering colleges. South having most of them and most of them offering a quality education, naturally the industries would want their establishments closer to them. Therefore (A), (B) and (C) are correct option. • While option in incorrect because most people of south India is mainly engaged in service sector due to which India's south Indian states have high contribution in IT industries and higher F.D.I. then north Indian states i.e. Maharashtra receives highest FDI i.e.29% Karnataka receives 24% of total F.D.I (DIPP report 2023)

The correct match is as follows:

Laminar flow is defined as airflow in which the entire body of air within a designated space is uniform in both velocity and direction. The laminar air flow principle was first developed in the early 1960s. Clean benches and biological safety cabinets are common examples of laminar flow hoods. They are laboratory enclosures designed to carefully direct HEPA filtered air. Some of these hoods protect items placed on the work surface from contamination. Others prevent exposing the user to contaminants in the work area. Laminar flow hoods are often used to work with biological samples, semiconductors or other sensitive materials.

A Lorenz curve, developed by American economist Max Lorenz in 1905, is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality. The graph plots percentiles of the population on the horizontal axis according to income or wealth and plots cumulative income or wealth on the vertical axis, so that an x-value of 45 and a y-value of 14.2 would mean that the bottom 45% of the population controls 14.2% of the total income or wealth.

Vidal de la Blache, L. Febvre ,Blache and Reclus criticized the Environmental determinism. Environmental determinism asserts that physical geographic features such as climate and terrain exert a strong and immediate influence upon human affairs, although it need not be, and usually is not, deterministic in the strict sense of the word.
• L. Febvre who coined the term possibilism and also came to be known as father of 'Possiblism' i.e. Although nature bounds the human activity in same sense but humans have the possibility to mold the natural circumstance to their own need and demand.
• Vidal-de-la Blache, another propagator of possiblism According to him -: Environment set the limit but does not completely control human culture
• Elisee Reclus a french geographer and writer of the earth and its inhabitants is also not the supporter of Environmental determinism.