NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec. 2020/June, 2021 Geography

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is also called Nitrogen dioxide, laughing gas, or nitrous. It is one of several oxides of nitrogen, a colorless gas with pleasant, sweetish odour and taste, which when inhaled produces insensibility to pain preceded by mild hysteria, sometimes laughter. (Because inhalation of small amounts provides a brief euphoric effect and nitrous oxide is not illegal to possess, the substance has been used as a recreational drug.) krypton (Kr) is a chemical element, a rare gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table, which forms relatively few chemical compounds.
About three times heavier than air, krypton is colorless, odourless, tasteless, and monatomic.

Correlation Coefficient
Correlation coefficient is used to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables. Pearson's correlation (also called Pearson's R) is a correlation coefficient commonly used in linear regression. Some properties of correlation coefficient are as follows: The sign which correlations of coefficient have will always be the same as the variance.
The numerical value of correlation of coefficient will be in between -1 to + 1. It is known as real number value. Correlation coefficient remains in the same measurement as in which the two variables are.
The negative value of coefficient suggests that the correlation is strong and negative. And if 'r' goes on approaching toward -1 then it means that the relationship is going towards the negative side. When 'r' approaches to the side of + 1 then it means the relationship is strong and positive. By this we can say that if +1 is the result of the correlation then the relationship is in a positive state.
The weak correlation is signaled when the coefficient of correlation approaches to zero. When 'r' is near about zero then we can deduce that the relationship is weak. Correlation coefficient can be very dicey because we cannot say that the participants are truthful or not. The coefficient of correlation is not affected when we interchange the two variables. so its independent of change of origin so option 1 is while changes in scales of measurement will not affects its value Coefficient of correlation is a pure number without effect of any units on it.
It also is not affected when we add the same number to all the values of one variable. We use correlation for measuring the association but that does not mean we are talking about causation.

Shafi applied the formula PI= Y/Yn / T/Tn where PI = Agricultural productivity index: Y=Total production of selected crops in unit area: Yn = Total production of the same selected crops in the country: T = Total cropped area of the unit, Tn= Total cropped area in the country for measuring agricultural productivity level.
Professor Shafi is the first Indian Geographer in the Indian sub-continent including SAARC countries to receive this prestigious award at the 30th International Geographical Congress held at Glasgow in U.K. More than 1800 geographers from 81 countries participated in the Congress.
The Russian Academy of Sciences also conferred on him its highest award 'Academician'. The Royal Geographers Society, London made him its Honorary Corresponding Member of the Council and the American Geographic Society offered him its Fellowship.

Northward slopes remain forested in mountainous areas due to Radiation intensity. The face a slope presents to the sun - north or south - plays a role in the local climate created on it. It is important to mention here that this "microclimate" helps determine the types of plants that colonize the slope and influences which animals are drawn to the area seeking their preferred foods and suitable shelter.
The basic difference between north- and south-facing slopes - the relative amount and intensity of sunlight they receive - leads to profound ecological differences, similar (but reversed) in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

When a manufacturing firm locates very close to its raw material suppliers or to supplying finished products, it is termed as Localization economies. Localization economies are those benefits for a firm derived from the presence of firms belonging to the same industry in an area. Urbanization economies are those benefits obtained by a firm arising from the size of an area and the diversity of its economy.

Ratzel who compared the mode of life of the different tribes and nations, and thus made a systematic study of human geography. His interest in tribes, races and nations was keen and after doing adequate fieldwork he coined the term ‘anthropogeography', describing it as the major field of geographical study.
He took Ritter's human geography still further, subdividing it into anthropogeography and political geography. The "organic theory" comes from Ratzel's assertion that political entities, such as countries, behave in a way not too dissimilar from that of living organisms. More specifically, to survive, a political entity requires nourishment to gain political power.

It is the O-give curve graph that shows the cumulative frequency distribution.
There are two types of O-give curves
• More than O-give curves → when frequencies of all preceding classes are added to the frequency of a lass.
less than O-give curves
Frequencies of all preceding class are added to the frequency of a class.
Note-: When the more O-give curves and less than Ogive curves intersects then it is the median value of that
graph. So in this graph answer is 60.

In the field of geography, a scale usually refers to the ratio between the distance between two places on the map and the distance between that same two places on the actual ground surface. It is widely used to understand the size of an area. It is given at the bottom of the map. It is of different types, namely the small scale, medium scale, and large scale.
The scale of 1:10,000 will be the most effective and useful for studying the geographic features in detail in a landscape of a particular farming community. This ratio means that 1 cm on the map represents 100 km on the ground surface. This covers a small area but in larger size helping us to understand and observe the area in many details. Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

India has one of the largest and diverse tribal populations in the world. The tribal population in India according to the 2011 census is 104 million or 8.6% of the total population. Hence the assertion (A) is correct statement The term 'Scheduled Tribes' first appeared in the Constitution of India. Article 366 (25) of the Constitution of India defined scheduled tribes as "such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this constitution.
The criterion followed for specification of a community, as scheduled tribes are indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, and backwardness. Hence the R is the correct explanation of A.