NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec. 2021/June 2022 (Commerce) Shift-I

Co-determination (also "co-partnership" or worker participation) is a practice where workers of an enterprise have the right to share their views on proposals of BOD, vote for representatives on the resolution of BOD in a company. It also refers to staff having binding rights in work councils on issues in their workplace.
Therefore, through co-determination safety and welfare and work-related issues are resolved.

The Delegation of Authority is an organizational process wherein, the manager divides his work among the subordinates and give them the responsibility to accomplish the respective task.

Characteristics of Delegation of Authority:
• It leads to better decision.
• It relieves the manager from his heavy work load.
• It helps to train subordinates.
• No Delegation of Responsibility.

Subsidiaries of RBI:
The Reserve Bank of India has three fully owned subsidiaries i.e. the entire paid-up capital is contributed by the RBI. They are:
• Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (DICGC)
• National Housing Bank (NHB)
• Bhartiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL)

Central bank lends money to commercial banks. It has power to set its own interest rates. These are the benchmark rates that central banks are currently raising to Tame inflation. The logic is based on a cascading effect; if central banks charge higher rates to commercial banks, commercial banks in turn increase the rates they offer to households and businesses for borrowing.
Therefore, Taming inflation is primary motive of central banks raising interest rates in recent times.

GST is multi-stage tax system which is comprehensive in nature and applied on the sale of goods and services. The main object of this taxation system is to reduce the cascading effect of other numerous indirect taxes and is applicable throughout India. It reduced the number of indirect taxes to only one national wide tax.

Measures of monopoly power:
Any firm that can alter its price, through the adjustment of its output, is supposed to have monopoly power. The ability to charge a price higher than marginal cost is characteristic of monopoly.
• 1st Measure : Based on price Elasticity of Demand
• 2nd Measure : Based on price Discrimination
• 3rd Measure : Based on profit Rates
• 4th Measure : Based on concentration Ratios
• 5th Measure : The Herfindahle Index
Therefore option (d) is correct answer.

Aptitude test measures the applicant's capacity to learn the skill and is conducted to find out how quickly the candidate can learn new skills and new methods.

Exporting is the most appropriate mode of entry in international business to an enterprise with little experience of International Markets.
Exporting is the simplest way to get started in foreign business. As a result most businesses begin their global expansion in this manner.

Following common difficulties are faced in making decisions and implementing:
• Non-actionable information
• Unsupporting environment
• Ineffective communication
• Incorrect timing
• Lack of reliable data
• Diversity of thought