NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec., 2021/June, 2022 Geography

As per Nearest Neighborhood analysis, an index value of 2.15 suggests that the settlements are evenly spaced. It measures the spread or distribution of something over a geographical space. it provides a numerical value that describes the extent to which a set of points are clustered or uniformly spaced.

Radcliffe line is the boundary line between India and Pakistan. It was named after Cyril Radcliffe, who was the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions for the two provinces. The demarcation line was published on 17 August, 1947.
• McMohan line boundary b/w India, China and Tibet.
• Durand line Boundary between India and Afghanistan

Sector model of the internal structure of the city emphasizes the importance of transport routes. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. It allows for an outward progression of growth. It is also known as the Hoyt model, which is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939.

The following countries have adopted pronatal population policy:- Malaysia and Japan. Pro-natal policy is designed with the purpose of increasing the birth rate/fertility rate of an area. They are used in countries with either very slow natural increase in population or can show natural decrease in population and in areas with ageing population.
• Note-: UGC has opted for option D as Japan and Malaysia have adopted for the pro-natal policy, But Spain is also adopted the pro-natal because Spain has the second lowest fertility rate out of the 15 original E.U. countries.

'Cultural Hearth' is defined as the birth place of a cultural group associated with a particular cultural landscape. Some ancient cultural hearths include:- Indus valley civilization, Nile river valley civilization, Ancient chinese civilization, Mesopotamia etc.

Following is the correct sequence of detritus food chain described by Odum (1970) based on Mangrove leaves:-
(C) Mangrove leaves                (A) Detritus
(E) Crabs and Shrimps           (B) Small fish
(D) Large fish

Sea floor spreading is not related to continental Drift theory. Continental Drift Theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. The theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. According to him all the continents were one single continental mass (super continent)- Pangea and a Mega ocean surrounded this supercontinent. Mega ocean is known as Panthalasa.
Harry Hess in 1961 proposed the concept of sea floor spreading. This concept describes the divergent boundaries of mid- Atlantic ocean.

Following statements are correct:- (B), (D) and (A) only.
(A) A country achieves replacement level of fertility when it attains a Total Fertility Rate of 2.1. (D) Crude death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1000 mid year population.
(B) Fecundity refers to the capacity of women to bear children.
Option C is incorrect because Malthus describes war as a positive check.
• Positive checks according to Malthus famine, earthquake, floods, wars, etc.
• Preventive checks according to Malthus are data Marriage, Celibacy, self control, etc.

Ibn- Khaldun has authored the famous book. 'Muqaddimah'. Ibn Khaldun is widely acknowledge to be one of the greatest social scientists of the middle ages. Who made major contributions in the areas of history, sociology, economics and demography.