NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec.- 2021/June-2022 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

1. In his famous work on the changing stratification of a Tanjore village, Andre Beteille observed the changes in.

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:In his famous book on the changing stratification of Tanjore village, Andre Bettey observed changes in the caste system, class system and power system. They play an important role in defining the Indian social structure.

2. Production characterised by large number of standardized products made by highly specialized workers is known as

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:Production characterized by large numbers of standardized products by highly specialized workers is called factory production, capital production and bulk production.

3. Which were the general land tenure systems prevalent in rural India before independence?

A. Jamindari
B. Sajhedari
C. Ryotwari
D. Hawaldari
E. Mahelwari

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A, C and E only
Solution:Before independence, Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari land ownership systems (general land tenure systems) were prevalent in rural India. The Zamindari system started during the Mughal rule. After this, in the year 1793, Lord Cornwallis made a permanent settlement by giving land ownership to the landlords.

This system was most prevalent in West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The Ryotwari system was first introduced in the Madras Presidency by Thomas Munro and Watson Alexander Reed.

Whereas the Mahalwadi system was popularized by Lord William Bentinck in Agra and Awadh and later it was extended to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. Under this system, land revenue was collected from farmers by village heads on behalf of the entire village.

4. Who is known as the "bourgeois Marx"?

Correct Answer: (b) Max Weber
Solution:Max Weber is known as the bourgeois Marx. The most important reason for this is his very extensive work on the rise of the new bureaucratic class. This was the new middle class that emerged from the Industrial Revolution. These were clerks, factory managers, team leaders, technical experts etc. Thus Weber described the rise of a new middle class, a new capitalist class, and its consequences for society, just as Marx described the rise of the working class, its consequences, and the inevitable revolution (which never came).

5. Which sociologist coined the concept, "social relationship" to describe patterned human interaction which is intentional, meaningful and symbolic?

Correct Answer: (c) Max Weber
Solution:Max Weber created the concept of “social relationship” to describe patterned human interaction, which is motivated, meaningful and symbolic.

6. The structure features of caste system are:

A. Openness
B. Segmental division
C. Hierarchy
D. Non-hereditary occupations
E. Pollution and Purity

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) B, C and E only
Solution:The structural features of the caste system are segmental division, hierarchy, pollution and purity, endogamy, act of repulsion, restrictions on food and social intercourse, etc. Ghurye has mentioned six main characteristics of caste and Louis Dumau has mentioned four main characteristics.

7. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as

Assertion (A) : Discrimination is a mode of behaviour.
Reason (R) : To discriminate means to deny an individual or a group, a privilege or an opportunity or a pleasure that is thereupon reserved for one's own group. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:Discrimination is a pattern of behavior because the intention to discriminate is to deny to a person or group the same facilities or opportunities or pleasures that are reserved for one's own group. Hence, both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

8. Match List-I with List-II

List-I List-II 
A. Harijan1. Constitutional and administrative
B. SC/ST2. Political and cultural
C. Dalit3. Political and administrative
D. Maha-Dalit4. Moral and ethical
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Code:ABCD
(a)IIIIIIIV
(b)IVIIIIII
(c)IVIIIIII
(d)IIIIIIVI
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:The matched list is as follows -
Harijan - moral and ethical matters
SC/ST - Constitutional and administrative
Dalit - Political and Cultural
Maha-Dalit - Political and Administrative

9. A biological being is transformed into a social being with the help of the following:

Correct Answer: (a) Socialisation
Solution:With the help of socialization a biological organism is transformed into a social organism. Socialization is a process of learning by which an individual acquires the socio-cultural characteristics of a group or society, develops his personality and becomes a functioning member of the society.

10. Select the correct statement/s

A. Quantitative approach - Post-positivist worldview, experimental strategy of enquiry and pre and post-test measures of attitudes
B. Qualitative approach - Constructivist worldview, ethnographic design and observation of behaviour
C. Qualitative approach - Participatory worldview, narrative design and open-ended interviewing
D. Mixed method approach - Pragmatic worldview, collection of both qualitative and quantitative data sequentially
E. Qualitative approach - Post-postivist worldview, experimental strategy of inquiry and pre and post-test measures of attitudes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A, B, C and D only
Solution:Quantitative Approach – Post-positivism, world view, experimental strategy of questioning and pre-test and post-test measurement of attitude.

Qualitative approach – constructivism, world view, ethnographic design and observation of behavior
Qualitative Approach – Participatory World View, Narrative Design and Open-ended Interviews
Mixed method approach – Pragmatist global approach, systematic collection of both quantitative and qualitative data.