NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec., 2023 Geography

Total Questions: 100

1. Kelp forests are ecosystems.

Correct Answer: (c) Marine
Solution:

A Kelp Forest is a marine ecosystem. It consists of large seaweeds (algae) that live in cold, relatively shallow water close to the coast. They attach themselves to the seabed and eventually grow to the water surface, relying on sunlight to produce food and energy. Kelp forests are always coastal and require shallow, relatively clear water.
They provide underwater habitats for hundreds of species of invertebrates, fish, and other algae. The Boreal or Taiga Biome is also known as the Canadian Boreal. The Boreal forest is named after Boreas, the Greek God of the North Wind. The Savanna Biome is often described as a grassland region with scattered trees or clusters of trees.
Examples of vegetation in the savanna include wild grasses, shrubs, baobab trees, and acacia trees. The savanna is home to many large land mammals, including elephants, giraffes, zebras, rhinoceroses, buffalo, lions, leopards, and cheetahs.

2. _____ was the first to point out the difference in the amount of heat received from the Sun in the equatorial regions as compared with that in the higher latitudes?

Correct Answer: (b) Varenius
Solution:

Bernhardus Varenius was the first geographer to show the difference in heat received from the sun in the equatorial regions compared to the high latitudes. Varenius considered the fundamental differences between physical geography and human geography. Hе divided geography into two classes:
1. Systematic Geography
2. Special or Regional Geography
Thales was a famous philosopher and mathematician, a resident of Miletus on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea. He stated that the Nile River is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Bahr el Ghazal (White Nile) and the Bahr el Azraq (Blue Nile). He also believed that the shape of the Earth was like a flat, circular disc floating on water. He considered the Earth to be situated at the center of the universe.
Anaximander, a disciple of Thales, stated that the Earth is a solid mass, circular in shape, and situated in the center of the universe. He also created a map of the world. Anaximander introduced the Greeks to a sundial called the Gnomon.
Hecataeus's famous book, Periodos (which means 'Description of the Earth'), was published in two volumes. Periodos is the first systematic description of world geography, and on this basis, some people consider Hecataeus to be the Founder of Geography.

3. Black forest mountain belongs to _______ orogeny.

Correct Answer: (b) Hercynian
Solution:

The Black Forest mountains are related to the Hercynian Orogeny (Mountain Building). This orogeny was most developed in Europe and the Appalachian Mountains of North America, based on the Harz Mountains of Germany.
Many examples of this can be found in Europe, such as the Spanish Meseta, Brittany in France, Cornwall, the Donbas Coal Basin, and the Ural Mountains. After a quiet period following the Hercynian Orogeny, the fourth mountain-building event occurred in the Tertiary Era (Cenozoic Era), which led to the creation of the current highest and latest Fold Mountains, such as the Alps, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Atlas Mountains, and the Himalaya Mountains, etc.
Mountains were formed during the Caledonian Orogeny in the Silurian, Devonian, and Permian periods. The creation of the Appalachian Mountains, the Brazilides, the Aravalli, the Mahadev, and the Satpura mountains occurred during this mountain-building event.

4. Which of the following statement is NOт correct about Glacial Lake Outburst floods (GLOF).

Correct Answer: (b) About 150 million people globally are exposed to impact for potential GLOF
Solution:

GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) mitigation is not included under SDG-10 (Reduced Inequalities), and globally, approximately 150 million people are not vulnerable to the effects of potential GLOFs. A Glacial Lake Outburst Flood refers to the sudden release of water when it is held back by a glacier or a moraine dam.
This happens due to the over-deepening of the exposed glacial bed during glacial retreat, which allows meltwater to accumulate as a glacial lake. The population of the High Mountains of Asia (HMA) is the most vulnerable to GLOFs in the world.
The idea that 'glaciers move' was first suggested in 1827 by a Swiss scholar named Hugues. Louis Agassiz of Switzerland stated in 1834 that 'glaciers flow faster in the middle than at the edges, and faster on the surface than at the bottom.

5. Which of the following is practiced in North American Plains?

Correct Answer: (b) Commercial Grain Farming
Solution:

Commercial grain farming is prevalent in the plains of North America. This type of agriculture is practiced in the semi-arid internal regions of the middle latitudes. Its main crop is wheat, although other crops such as maize, barley, rye, and oats are also sown.
In this agriculture, the size of the farms is very large, and all operations, from plowing the field to harvesting the crop, are carried out by machines. In this system, the output per acre is low, but the output per person is high. Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing milch cattle. It also requires a high capital investment.

6. Identify the statement which is NOT correct with reference to diseases.

Correct Answer: (a) Lathyrism is result of excessive consumption of tobacco
Solution:

Lathyrism is not a result of excessive tobacco consumption. Excessive tobacco consumption causes conditions like leukoplakia (white patches), limited mouth opening, and cancer. Smoking bidis and cigarettes has widespread effects on the body.
It reduces blood flow in the arteries of the heart. Pellagra is the result of a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3). Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is also known as "Chamki Bukhar" (sparkling fever). Beriberi is the result of a severe deficiency of Vitamin B1.

7. Match List I and List II

Correct Answer: (a) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Solution:

The correctly matched pairs are as follows:

8. Which of the following chemical zones of atmoshphere is located in outer most sphere from earth surface?

Correct Answer: (d) Hydrogen layer
Solution:

The Hydrogen Layer is located in the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere's chemical spheres. Based on chemical composition, the atmosphere is divided into two major spheres:
1. Homosphere
2. Heterosphere The Homosphere represents the lower atmosphere and extends up to a height of 90 km from sea level. The most important constituents of this sphere are Nitrogen gas and Oxygen gas.
The Heterosphere extends from 90 km to 10,000 km from sea level, and its sub-layers are as follows:
1. Nitrogen Layer: 90 to 200 km
2. Oxygen Layer: 200 to 1100 km
3. Helium Layer: 1100 to 3500 km
4. Hydrogen Layer: Above 3500 km

9. Match List-I and List-II :


Choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (c) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Solution:

10. ______ divided the world ecosystems on the basis of use of harvest method and net primary production.

Correct Answer: (b) Odum
Solution:

Odum divided the world's ecosystems based on the utilized harvest (crop) method and net primary production. According to Odum, "Ecology is the study of the structure and function of the ecosystem." The word 'Oecologie'was first used by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (in 1866), but certain conceptual terminologies had already been used to express the relationship between organisms and their environment.
The French zoologist Hilaire used the nomenclature 'Eutopie' in 1859 for the mutual relationships between different organisms, and the British naturalist Mivart used the nomenclature 'Oecologie' (or a similar term) for the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.