NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec., 2023 Geography

Total Questions: 100

81. The study of ecocline representing the changing conditions across an ecosystem boundary is known as-

Correct Answer: (c) Gradient analysis
Solution:

The study of Ecoclines, which show transitional conditions across the boundary of an ecosystem, is known as Gradient Analysis. The replacement of one plant community by another in any ecosystem or habitat is called succession.
When an habitat attains a stable condition after passing through different stages of vegetation, the succession is complete. In this state, the plants achieve maximum development. This is called the Climax Community.

82. In 2011, among Scheduled Indian languages ________ was at rank 4 in terms of total number of speakers.

Correct Answer: (d) Telugu
Solution:

Based on the total number of speakers in 2011, Telugu was the fourth in the list of notified Indian languages. According to the 2011 Census, the order of the most spoken languages in the country is as follows: (i) Hindi (528.3 million people), (ii) Bengali (97.2 million people), (iii) Marathi (83.0 million people), (iv) Telugu (81.1 million people), (v) Tamil (69.0 million people)

83. In multiple nuclei model which of the following zone is not continuous to the city and developes at outer margin in isolation.

Correct Answer: (d) Residential suburbs
Solution:

In the Multiple Nuclei Model, the residential suburb is not continuous with the city segment but develops as a separate, solitary unit in the outer fringe. Harris and Ullman proposed the Multiple Nuclei Theory in an article concerning urban land use. They suggested that the land use pattern in many cities is not built around a single center but around multiple separate centers or nuclei. According to Harris and Ullman, several types of land use areas develop around American cities. These functional areas are as follows:
1. Central Business District (CBD)
2. Wholesale and Light Manufacturing District
3. Low-Class Residential District
4. Medium-Class Residential District
5. High-Class Residential District
6. Heavy Manufacturing District
7. Outlying Business District
8. Residential Suburb
9. Industrial Suburb

84. Arrange the following industrial location theories in chronological order.

A. Alfred Webber's theory
B. Allen Pred's theory
C. Edgar Hoover's theory
D. Walter Isard's theory
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A, C, D, B
Solution:

The theories of industrial location are in the following chronological order:
(i) Alfred Weber's Theory (1909)
(ii) Edgar Hoover's Theory (1937)
(iii) Walter Isard's Theory (1956)
(iv) Allen Pred's Theory (1967).
Alfred Weber's effort is the first in the context of theories propounded regarding the localization of industries. Alfred Weber was a German economist who proposed the theory of industrial location, which was published in 1909 in a book written in German, 'Über den Standort der Industrien' (translated into English in 1929 as 'Theory of the Location of Industries').
According to Weber, the location of an industry is determined by transport cost, labor cost, and benefits of agglomeration. According to him, the point of minimum transport cost is determined first, and subsequently, the effect of labor and agglomeration benefits is considered. Edgar Hoover's theory (1937 and 1948) was based on delivered prices. Delivered price for any buyer would be production cost plus transport cost.

85. Which one of the following set of two passes are located in Sikkim.

Correct Answer: (b) Jelep La and Nathu La
Solution:

Jelep La and Nathu La passes are located in Sikkim. Some major passes in India are as follows:

86. Which of the following statements are correct about the impact of Darwin on Geographical Thought.

A. Davis Concept of cycle of erosion was inspired by the central idea in the Origin of Species regarding change in species through time.
B. Siddal stressed the need for physiological study to assess environmental effects on man.
C. The Davis geomorphology adopted the biological analogy of ageing to the development of landforms.
D. Fleure had focussed on the theme of natural selection and environmental influences. Choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (c) A and C only
Solution:

Davis was inspired by Charles Darwin's ideas about the gradual and cumulative development of species over time. Taking inspiration from Darwin, Davis emphasized gradual change and applied evolutionary ideas to geography.
This is why Davis's concept of the Cycle of Erosion adopted the biological analogy of age sequence in the development of landforms, much like the origin of species where species change over time. Davis's theory was influenced by Darwin's ideology. Thus, statements (A) and (C) are correct.

87. ________ is NOT the tributary of river Krishna.

Correct Answer: (a) Manjra
Solution:

Manjra is not a tributary of the Krishna river. Manjra is a tributary of the Godavari river. Krishna is the second largest east-flowing peninsular river in India, originating near Mahabaleshwar in the Sahyadri mountains. Its total length is 1401 km. Koyna, Tungabhadra, and Bhima are its major tributaries. Godavari is the largest peninsular river system. It is known as the Dakshin Ganga (Ganges of the South). This river is 1,465 km long. Its main tributaries include Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita, and Manjra.

88. Identify the correct statements

A. Large-sized trees with dense population does not necessarily mean that the forests would be more efficient in terms of primary production.
B. The size of producer is directly related with the efficiency of primary production.
C. The rate of fixation of radiant in an ecosystem determines the efficiency of production.
D. Net primary productivity of temperate forests is more than tropical forests.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (d) A and C only
Solution:

A dense population of large-sized trees in forests does not necessarily mean that the forest is also highly efficient in primary production, because dense forests will receive a smaller amount of solar radiation. The fixation of radiant energy determines the efficiency of production in an ecosystem.
The primary source of energy in the biosphere or ecosystem is the Sun. Only 51 percent of the shortwave incoming solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface, and only a small fraction of this amount is used by plants.
Most of the solar energy absorbed by green plants is converted into heat energy, which is eventually released from the plants and the ecosystem. Only a small fraction of this energy is converted into potential energy or food energy, which is stored in the components of the plants.

89. Consider the following statements related to insolation :

A. Electromagnetic waves striking an object may be assimilated by that object-this process is called absorption.
B. Radiation is the ability of an object to repel electromagnetic waves without altering either the object or the wave.
C. Gas molecules and particulate matter in the air can deflect light waves and redirect them, which is known as transmission.
D. The movement of heat energy from one molecule to another without changes in their relative positions is called conduction.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A and D only
Solution:

Electromagnetic waves falling on an object can be incorporated into it. This process is called absorption. Thus, absorption increases the temperature of the absorbing element or object. The absorption of incoming solar radiation is selective, meaning some radiation waves are absorbed and some are not. The absorption process is affected by water vapor, various gases, fog, smoke, and certain dust particles. The transfer and movement of heat energy from one molecule to another without changing their position is called conduction. In the process of conduction, one molecule transfers heat to another molecule by touch. The movement and transfer of heat through the process of convection occurs in two forms:
(1) From one part ofthe same object to another part,
(2) From one object to another object in contact with it.
The process of heat transfer from one place to another through the movement (convection) of the mass (mass) of the substance is called convection, and the process of heat transfer from one object to another without any material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) is called radiation.
Thus, it is clear that statements (A) and (D) are correct.

90. Identify the correct statements about UNREDD+

A. It is part of SDG-6
B. REDD+was first introduced in COP Agenda in 2001.
C. The '+' stands for additional forest related activities that protect the climate.
D. REDD stands for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) C and D only
Solution:

In UN-REDD+, the '+' stands for additional climate mitigation activities related to forests, and REDD stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries. REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation +) is a global effort initiated under the United Nations framework, which is a process for preventing deforestation, conserving forest carbon stocks, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainably managing forests. It is a mechanism developed by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The REDD+ program was launched on September 24, 2008. Its headquarters is located in Geneva (Switzerland).