NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, Dec., 2024 Geography

As per the 2011 census, the states in question in ascending order based on the percentage of their urban population are as follows – Kerala (47.72%) Tamil Nadu (48.45%) → Mizoram (52.1%) → Goa (62.2%). Hence option (c) is correct.

As per the 2011 census, the states in question in ascending order based on the percentage of their urban population are as follows – Kerala (47.72%) → Tamil Nadu (48.45%) → Mizoram (52.1%) → Goa (62.2%). Hence option (c) is correct.

The whiteness (albedo) for the entire Earth is 35 percent. Assume that the insolation received at the upper surface of the atmosphere is 100 percent. Out of this 100 units, 35 units get reflected in space even before reaching the Earth's surface.
This reflected amount of solar radiation is called the Earth's albedo. Except the first 35 units, the remaining 65 units are absorbed, 14 in the atmosphere and 51 through the Earth's surface. These 51 units absorbed by the Earth are returned as terrestrial radiation.

The migrant integration (integrating migrant) model is not related to migration. Demographers, sociologists, geographers etc. have made efforts in building migration theory and models. The effort of Ravenstein (1889) is considered to be the first important work in this direction. Following are some of the main principles of migration
1. Micro Analytical Model
2. Intervening Opportunity Model: S. Stouffer; 1940
3. Gravity Model: W.J. Ralli (1929)
4. Revenstein's Law of Migration
5. Principle of Least Effort: G.K. Jeef (1940)
6. Competing Migrants Model : F. Stouffer (1960)
7. Lee's Theory of Migration :F.S. Li (1966)
8. Stepwise Movement Model
9. Pull and push Theory
10. Behavioural Model : Juliyan Valpart (1975)
11. Mobility Transition Model: W. Jlisky (1971)

Thomas Robert Malthus was the first thinker to formulate a systematic theory on the relationship between population and resources. Malthus traveled to Britain and several other Western European countries, collecting data, and presented his population theory in a scientific form. The analysis of Malthus's population theory is based on the following headings: Geometric Increase in Population - According to Malthus, population grows in geometric or geometric proportions (1:2:4:8:16, etc.). According to him, in the absence of any constraint (natural or artificial), the population doubles in 25 years.
Arithmetic Increase in Food - According to Malthus, human food supplies gradually increase in arithmetic order (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). The law of diminishing returns applies to agriculture, leading to a decline in agricultural production after a certain limit. Imbalance between population and food items - Due to the difference between the growth rate of food items and the growth rate of population, the gap between the two increases, which leads to imbalance in population and means of livelihood. Measures for population control - According to Malthus, rapidly increasing population can be controlled by both natural and artificial methods. Hе included epidemics, famine, war, floods, earthquakes etc. in natural control, whereas by restrictive control (artificial) he meant self-restraint, observance of celibacy, not marrying or marrying late, etc. Hence, statements (A), (C) and (E) are not correct.

Annual layers of silt and clay that accumulate at the bottom of lakes and ponds, which can freeze in winter and thaw in summer, are called varves. Varves consist of a sequence of lighter and darker layers. Lighter layers accumulate in summer due to increased melt and runoff, while darker layers form in winter due to the presence of still water and a blanket of ice. These layers are useful in geological studies and the study of climate change.

Manuel Castells coined the term "network society" in the context of globalization. Manuel Castells was one of the first intellectuals to understand the Internet and related developments within a broader social theory.
In his magnum opus, "The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture" (1996, 1997, 2000), Castells presented his concept of "network society," a newly emerging society connected by ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICTs). Driven by these ICTs, Castells sees the formation of a new type of capitalism, which he calls "global informational capitalism," or "informationism" for short.

The Mistral, Buran, and Bora are cold local winds, while the Zonda and Santa Ana are warm local winds. The Mistral is a cold polar wind that affects the northwestern part of the Mediterranean Sea, especially Spain and France. The Buran is a blizzard-like polar wind that blows over Siberia.
The Bora is also a dry and extremely cold, severe wind that blows along the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Coming down the southern slopes of the Alps, it affects parts of northern Italy. The Zonda is a warm, dry wind from Argentina that blows along the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains, and the Santa Ana is a warm, dry wind from the United States.