NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., December 2019 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

1. ''Kula'' exchange is associated with which tribe?

Correct Answer: (d) Trobriand Islanders
Solution:The Kula Ring described by Bronislaw Malinowski is a system of the ceremonial exchange of gifts among a number of tribal societies inhabiting various island groups in the region east of Papua New Guinea. Two Ceremonial gifts continually circulate in opposite directions: necklaces clockwise and armshells counterclockwise The exchanges of gift are not valuable in itself rather help in maintaining social relations, and connection. He gave this concept during the fieldwork of Trobriand Island: Book "Argonauts of the Western Pacific". (1922)

2. The ability of workers to use muscles and brain to transform their environment is called

Correct Answer: (d) labour movement
Solution:The ability of workers to use muscles and brain to transform thier environment is called labour power. The abstraction of human labor into something that can be exchanged for money. The relation of laborpower to the actual labor of a private individual is analogous the relation of exchange-value to use-value.

3. Who saw much in common between theoretical performance and the kind of 'acts'?

Correct Answer: (a) Erving Goffman
Solution:Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use ''impression management'' to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. In other words, it involves techniques actors use to maintain certain impressions in the face of problems they use to cope with these problems.

Some important concepts of Goffman:
• Front Stage and Back stage
• Appearance and Manner
• Mystification
• Social Distance
• Secret Society
• Cynical Self
• Role Distance
• Stigma
• Frame Analysis

4. The rationality that leads an actor to transcend daily realities to understand the world as a meaningful cosmos is :

Correct Answer: (a) Theoretical rationlity
Solution:Theoretical rationality answers its questions by assessing and weighing reasons for beliefe and the (internal) relations among the beliefs. Using logic and reasoning to gain an understanding of the concept of happiness is an example of theoretical rationality. Trying to decide the best way to get home is an example of practical rationality.

There are four types of rationality as described by max Weber:
1. Practical Rationality: It involves systematically deciding the best way to achieve a desired end based on what is practical. Tasks and activities done in practical way.
2. Theoretical Rationality: Involves understanding the world through abstract concepts. To deductively and inductively.
3. Substantive Rationality: Involves deciding the best choice a mean to an end as guided by all of your collective values. Choosing between right and wrong based on our own values and morality
4. Formal Rationality: involves making choice based on universal rules, regulations and larger structure of your society. Choosing between right and wrong based on rules and laws.

5. Who is the author of the book 'The Religion of Java'?

Correct Answer: (c) Chifford Geertz
Solution:''The Religion of Java'' is written by Clifford Geertz. The Religion of Java will interest specialists in Southeast Asia, anthropologists and sociologists concerned with the social analysis of religious belief and ideology, students of comparative religion, and civil servants dealing with governmental policy toward Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

6. Who among the following is considered as practitioner of 'Theoretical Pluralism'?

Correct Answer: (b) G.S. Ghurye
Solution:It would be appropriate to characterize Ghurye as a practitioner of theoretical pluralism. Basically, he was interested in inductive empirical exercise and depicting Indian social reality using any source material -primarily Indological-his theoretical position bordered on laissez-faire

7. Who talks about structuration as the structuring of social relations across time and space?

Correct Answer: (d) Anthony Giddens
Solution:Giddens defines structuration as ''the structuring of social relations across time and space, in virtue of the duality of structure.'' Structuration theory, concept in sociology that offers perspectives on human behavior on a synthesis of structure and agency effects known as the ''duality of structure.'' A defining characteristics of modernity is rapid social change and Giddens argue this is the result of two factorsdisembedding and reflexivity. Disembedding refers to our ability to make face-to-face contact e.g. email, eBay etc. Reflexivity involves "the routine incorporation of new knowledge or information into environments of action that are thereby reconstituted or reorganized.

8. From among the following sociologists who has written on the 'Kinship Systems' in defferent regions of India?

Correct Answer: (b) Irawati Karve
Solution:Irawati Karve uses a comparative analysis to look out the four cultural zones with an idea to conclude on the regional pattern of social behavior in society. The different regions may show different local patterns. There are different types of caste due to the hierarchy and caste division and separation.

9. Who had given the name 'Harijan' to the ''Untouchables''?

Correct Answer: (b) M.K. Gandhi
Solution:Mahatma Gandhi called untouchables Harijans (''Children of the God Hari Vishnu) and long worked for their emancipation. Untouchable, also called Dalit, officially scheduled caste, formerly Harijan, in traditional Indian society. Harijan, originally written in Odia by Gopinath Mahanty is considered to be one of his finest works pubilshed in 1949 was translated into Engilsh by Bikram Das.

10. Who said that globalization is the growing reciprocal interdependence and integration of various economies around the globe?

Correct Answer: (b) Meghnad Desai
Solution:Born in India, Meghnad Desai is a member of the British house of lords and an emeritus professor of economics at the London School of Economics, where by taught from 1965 to 2003. In 1992, established the centre for the Study of Global Governace at the LSE. For Meghnad Desai globalisation is the growing reciprocal interdependence and integration of various economies around the globe.