NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., December 2019 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

41. Which two of the following principles explain explain the Alliance theory?

(1) Principle of reciprocity
(2) Rules of Exogamy
(3) Rules of Endogamy
(4) Incest taboos

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (d) (1) and (4)
Solution:While British social anthropologists were focused on the existence of social rules and the ways in which members of different societies acted within a given framework of ideas and categories, French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss had a very different starting point.
The alliance theory, also known as the general theory of exchanges, is a structuralism method of studying kinship relations. It finds its origins in Claude LeviStrauss's Elementary structures of kinship (1949) and is in opposition to the functionalist theory of RadcliffeBrown.

42. The stages in the development of property according to. Marx can broady be classified as

Correct Answer: (d) Primitive communism, class differentiation and inequality, classless society
Solution:According to Marx, firstly Primitive communism is a way of describing the gift economies of hunter-gatherers throughout history, where resources and property hunted and gathered are shared with all members of a group, in accordance with individual needs.
Class differentiation and inequality-Marxian class theory asserts that an individual's position within a class hierarchy is determined by their role in the production process and argues that political and ideological consciousness is determined by class position.
Classless society-According to Karl Marx (1818-83), the primary function of the state is to repress the lower classes of society in the interests of the ruling class.

43. What are the two main factors that can help in bridging the digital divide?

(1) Higher education and employment
(2) Ownership of property and wealth
(3) Access to Computer and Internet
(4) Computer literacy and information

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (a) (3) and (4)
Solution:Access to computer and Internet and computer literacy and information are the two main factors that can help in bridging the digital divide. Internet access is the ability of individuals and organization to connect to the internet using computer terminals, computer and other device: and access services such as email and the World Wide Web. Computer literacy is defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with skill levels ranging from elementary use to computer programming and advanced problem solving.

44. Which of the following are examples of material culture?

(1) Aspects of culture which govern the production and use of artefacts
(2) Material Production actually produced by society
(3) Tools of governance in a community
(4) Interaction of children with parents

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (d) (1) and (2)
Solution:Aspects of culture which govern the production and use of artefacts and material Production actually produced by society are example of material culture. Material culture is the aspect of social reality grounded in the objects an architecture that surround people.

45. The studies of Indian rural society by the sociologists and social anthropologists largely focused upon:

(1) Categories of caste and community
(2) The analysis of rural and agrarian social structures
(3) Analysis of planned changes introduced bt the state in the rural society
(4) Finding cultural impediments to development of Indian rural society

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (a) (1) and (2)
Solution:The studies of Indian rural society by the sociologists and social anthropologists largely focussed upon categories of caste and community and the analysis of rural and agrarian social structures. That is the correct answer is option (a) others option are not appropriate.

46. The earlier popular studies of Indian society were largely based on the interest of sociologists to -

(1) Understand Indian Village society
(2) Document the structure of traditional Indian village society
(3) Understand the dynamics and change in Indian Village society
(4) Document the contribution of Britishers to the Indian Village society

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (a) (1) and (2)
Solution:The earlier popular studies of Indian rural society were largely based on the interest of sociologists to understand Indian village society and document the structure of traditional Indian village society. That is all the options incorrect except option (a).

47. Which of the following are examples of primary sources of data?

(a) Interview
(b) Diaries
(c) Census reports
(d) Observation

Choose the correct option

Correct Answer: (d) (4) and (1)
Solution:Interview and observation are example of primary sources of data. Primary data is a type of data that is collected by researchers directly from main sources through interviews, surveys etc. Primary sources can either be first-hand observation/analysis or accounts contemporary with the events described.

48. Which of the following are elements of the ethics of social research?

(1) Ideology
(2) Subjectivity
(3) Anonymity
(4) Confidentiality

Choose the corrrect option:

Correct Answer: (a) (1) and (2)
Solution:Anonymity and confidentiality are elements of the ethics of social research. Confidentiality refers to separating or modifying any personal, identifying information provided by participants from the data. By contrast, anonymity refers to collecting data without obtaining any personal, identifying information.

49. Sociology originated largely in a philosophical ambition to

(1) Account for the course of human history
(2) Explain the social crisis of the 19ᵗʰ Century Europe
(3) Explain the origin of Industrialization
(4) Account for the French revolution

Select the correct option:

Correct Answer: (a) (1) and (2)
Solution:Sociology oriented largely in a philosophical ambition to account for the course of human history and explain the social crisis of the 19ᵗʰ century Europe.Hence option (a) is a correct answer.

50. Which one of the following metropolises have the highest percentage and lowest percentage of scheduled castes?

(a) Bengaluru
(b) Mumbai
(c) Chennai
(d) Delhi

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: (c) (3) and (2)
Solution:Mumbai and Chennai metropolises have the highest percentage and lowest percentage of scheduled castes. That is the correct answer is option (c) others option are not appropriate.