NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam. December 2022 ENGLISH (Shift-I)

A Time to be Happy (1958) is a novel by Nayantara Sahgal.
• Some Inner Fury (1955), The Nowhere Man (1972), and The Goldan Honeycomb (1977) are authored by Kamala Markandaya.
• Kamala Markandaya (pseudonym : Kamala Purnaiya; married name: Kamala Taylor) is an Indian novelist whose works concerns the struggle of contemporary Indians with conflicting Eastern and Western values.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams are well known for Marxist criticism. According to them, the 'masses' represents the group of common people who are not financially strong; they are just the part of population having no significance.
• On the other hand there are some people who are affluent and considered to be the part of society in reality.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Among the given theorists, only Suzanne Keane has written on narrative empathy.
• Narrative empathy is the feeling and perspective-taking induced reading, viewing, hearing, or imagining narratives of another's situation and condition. Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

The science that systematically studies the function of signs, is known as Semiology.
• Semiotics, also called semiology, is the study of signs and sign-using behaviour.
• The Swiss linguist and one of the founders of semiotics, Ferdinand de Saussure defined it as the study of "the life of signs within society".
• Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. • Scriptoria (Scriptorium) is a room set apart for the writing or copying of manuscripts.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).

Friedrich Schleiermacher first framed a theory of general hermeneutics.
• Hermeneutics is the branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts.
• Modern hermeneutics includes both verbal and non-verbal communication as well as Semiotics presuppositions, and pre-understandings.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

Roland Barthes' Image-Music-Text is collection of selected essays, published in 1977.
Image-Music-Text brings together major essays by Barthes on the structural analysis of narrative and on issues in literary theory, on the semiotics of photograph and film, on the practice of music and voice.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

John Austin distinguished the 'constative from the 'performatives'.
• According to the Austin, 'performative' is the term that "indicates that the issuing of the utterance is the performing of an action - it is not normally thought of as just saying something."
• In his How to Do Things With Words, Austin pointed out that "it has come to be commonly help that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impact straightforward information about the facts".
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

The phrase 'soft capitalism' was coined by Nigel Thrift in his book The Rise of Soft Capitalism (1998). It is a form of capitalism animated by the intense and widespread circulation of theories of capitalism.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

The term "thick description" attributed to Clifford Geertz.
• Thick description is the term that Geertz used to describe ethnography in one of the most famous and influential anthropology texts in the second half of the twentieth century The Interpretation of Culture (1973).
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

The subject matter of cultural studies as it emerged as a 'proto-discipline' in the 1960s, was predominantly exploration of popular culture.