NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, December, 2022 Geography

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below:

Among horticultural Products grapes, mangoes, oranges, bananas and apples etc. have great export potential. Export of grapes from Maharashtra to the Gulf countries is an encouraging feature. Most of the horticultural products face the problem of glut at the time of harvest. This needs the technology associated with the preservation of these products and their quick delivery to marketing/consumer centers.
In fact horticulture requires a better deal from the government in agricultural planning. India is the third largest producer of fruits in the world after Brazil and USA, but it processes only 0.5 percent of it as against Brazil's 70 percent and lets Rs. 3000 crores worth of fruits and vegetables to get spoilt. This can be prevented by using genetic engineering to enhance their natural defences against fungus.
Chitinase gene injected into tomatoes, potatoes, lettuces and other plants ensures their freshness till they reach their markets, saving millions of rupees spent on fumigation. Raghavan (1992) has suggested to raise the production of fruits by 50 percent and vegetables by 100 percent to meet the full nutritional requirements of the population, besides achieving 25% exportable surplus, through the establishment of 2,000 model horticulture production and processing centers covering three million hectares of irrigated land, yielding an average of Rs. 18,000 per hectare of profit for three million farmers, generating an equal number of year-round jobs and raising a total of six million families above the poverty line.
Which one of the following statements is correct about horticultural products? 

Correct Answer: (d) Most of the horticultural products face the problem of glut at the time of harvest.
Solution:

Most of the horticultural products face the problem of glut at the time of harvest. This needs the technology associated with the preservation of these products and their quick delivery to the marked. Among Horticulture products Grapes, Mangoes, Oranges, Bananas and Apples etc. have great export potential. Maharashtra experts grapes to Gulf countries.

92. Chitinase gene is injected into tomatoes and potatoes in order to ensure

(A) Freshness
(B) Save money on preservation
(C) Price Control
(D) Weight loss check 

Correct Answer: (a) A and B Only
Solution:Chitinase gene injected into tomatoes, potatoes, lettuces and other plants in order to ensures their freshness till they reach their markets, saving million of rupees spent on fumigation.

93. Which of the following measures is not the necessary step required to preserve the horticultural products?

Correct Answer: (d) Big market size
Solution:

Big market size is not the necessary step required to preserve the horticulture products. All other options.
Access to marketing zone, preservation system and Fast mode of transportation are steps to preserve horticulture products.

94. India requires genetic engineering of horticultural products preservation to ensure:

Correct Answer: (d) Natural defence against fungus
Solution:

India requires genetic engineering of horticultural products preservation to ensure Natural defence against fungus. India is third largest producer of Fruits after Brazil and America. India process only 0.5% of production whereas Brazil process 70% of production.

95. The 50% increase in the production of fruits and 100% of vegetables will be beneficial in form:

(A) To meet the nutritional requirement
(B) To check out migration
(C) To increase the employment opportunities
(D) To bring families above the poverty line

Correct Answer: (a) A, C and D Only
Solution:Raghavan (1992) has suggested to raise the production of fruits by 50% and vegetables by 100% to meet the full nutritional requirements of the population.

96. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions:

Every year, unsafe water sickens about 1 billion people. And low-income communities are disproportionately at risk because their homes are often closest to the most polluting industries.
Waterborne pathogens, in the form of disease-causing bacteria and viruses from human and animal waste, are a major cause of illness from contaminated drinking water. Diseases spread by unsafe water include Cholera, Giardia and Typhoid. Even in wealthy nations, accidental or illegal release from sewage treatment facilities, as well as runoff from farms and urban areas, contribute harmful pathogens to waterways.
Thousands of people across the United States are sickened every year by Legionnaires' disease (a severe form of pneumonia contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped water), with cases cropping up from California's Disneyland to Manhattan's Upper East Side. Meanwhile, the plight of residents in Flint, Michigan - where cost-cutting measures and ageing water infrastructure created a lead contamination crisis - offers a stark look at how dangerous chemical and other industrial pollutants in our water can be.
The problem goes far beyond Flint and involves much more than lead, as a wide range of chemical pollutants - from heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury to pesticides and nitrate fertilizers - are getting into our water supplies. Once they are ingested, these toxins can cause a host of health issues, from cancer to hormone disruption to altered brain function. Children and pregnant women are particularly at risk.
Even swimming can pose a risk. Every year, 3.5 million Americans contract health issues such as skin rashes, pinkeye, respiratory infections, and hepatitis from sewage - laden coastal waters, according to EPA estimates.
The lead contamination crisis in Flint was a consequence of: 

Correct Answer: (d) cost cutting measures and ageing water infrastructure
Solution:

The lead contamination crisis in Flint and Michigan was a consequence of cost cutting measures and ageing water infrastructure contaminated water causes disease in 1 Billion population per year in the world.

97. Which disease is a severe form of pneumonia contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped water?

Correct Answer: (c) Legionnaires disease
Solution:

Ligionnaires disease is severe form of Pneumonia contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped water. It's cases are increasing from california to Manhattan's upper east side.

98. Why low-income communities are at high risk from water pollution?

Correct Answer: (b) Because their homes are often closest to the most polluting industries.
Solution:

Low Income Communities are at high risk from water pollution because their homes are often closest to the most polluting industries. Waterborne pathogens in the form of disease-causing bacteria and viruses from human and animal waste are major cause of Illness from contaminated drinking water diseases spread by unsafe water include cholera. Giardia and Typhoid.

99. Which of the following message is given through the passage?

Correct Answer: (d) Water pollution is a problem even in the high income countries
Solution:

Message given through passage is that water pollution is a problem even in the high income countries. Due to water pollution wide range of chemical pollutants from heavy metals such as Arsenic and Mercury to pesticides and nitrate fertilizers are getting into our water supply resulted into death and illness for millions. Once they are ingested, these toxins can cause a host of health issues from cancer to hormone discreption to Altered brain function.

100. Every year how many Americans contract health issues such as skin rashes, pinkeye, respiratory infection and hepatitis from sewage-laden coastal waters.

Correct Answer: (b) 35 lakh
Solution:According to E.P.A. estimates every year 35 lakh Americans contract health issues such as Skin Rashes, pinkeye, respiratory infection and hepatitis from sewage laden coastal waters.