NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, December, 2022 Geography

Beaufort scale is a measure of wind velocity. This scale was developed by Francis Beaufort. It depicts the force of wind by series of number from 0 to 12. Actually the Beaufort scale goes all the way to 17 but the last five numbers only apply to tropical typhoons. These numbers used in areas around China and Taiwan. 'O' is used for calm winds. 12 is used for Hurricane.

Atlantic Ocean has the largest continental slope area. Continental slope is between continental shelf and deep ocean floor. The gradient of slope region varies between 2-5°. It extends between depth of 180 to 3600 meters only. 8.5% of world ocean area contain continental slope.
Continental slope extends on 12.4% area of Atlantic ocean, 7% area of pacific ocean and 6.5% area of Indian ocean. Continental slopes, mainly due to their steepness and increasing distance from the land have very little deposits of sediments on them.

Circum-pacific shoreline is most prone to Tsunami Strikes. Circum pacific Belt situated in Destructive plate margin These destructive plate margins causes deep and shallow focie earthquake which resulted into release of vast amount of energy and formation of tsunamis in oceans. 2/3rd of volcanoes of world occurred on circum pacific Belt.
Hence it is known as "Fire girdle to the pacific ocean" or "pacific ring of Fire'. Most of highest volcanic mountains found in this belt. As Aleutian mountain, Japan island group and volcanoes of Hawaii islands.

Irminger current is the northward flowing component of the N. Atlantic Subpolar gyre. It transports relatively warm water that mixes with colder water transported by East Greenland current from the Arctic Ocean.

Manganese is not a macro nutrient required by plant. 17 elements act as essential plant nutrients. We can divide them in two parts (1) Macro nutrients (Nine are macronutrients) (2) Micro nutrient (eight are micronutrients)
Macro nutrients → required by plant in large amount. As carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Sulfur and Magnesium.
Micronutrients → required by plant in small amount. As Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Nickel, Boron, Molybdenum and Chlorine.

A declining birth rate and low mortality rate producing a narrow base pyramid. It represent regressive population. It is indicator of developed countries. As example Japan's population pyramid. This type of pyramid show zero population growth or negative population growth rate. Population pyramid is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups and sex.
Types of pyramid-(1) Stationary pyramid
(2) Expansive pyramid
(3) Contracting pyramid.

Replacement rate is the number of children that a couple would have to the course of their reproductive years in order to replace themselves. The U.N. states that this replacement rate worldwide is 2.1 children per couple.

Registers of population data involves compulsory and legal registration of vital events such as births, deaths, marriages etc. National population registers maintained by Registrar General and Exofficio census commissioner of India and contained details of person residing in a country. It was first| prepared in 2010 to incorporate the changes due to birth, death and migration. The NPR would be updated along with Houselisting and Housing operations of forthcoming census.

'Po rivers basin' is well known Industrial region of Italy. Po river is longest river of Italy. It is known as "Ganga of Italy'. It flows from Lombardi plain which is largest rice producing region in Europe. "Milan" is known as "Manchester of Italy" and Tureni is known as "Detroit of Italy.

'Transportation and the societal Framework' is a book published in 1970 by M.E. Hurst. M.E. Hurst was economic geographer. He has written Articles on economic behavior and urban habilitation and he gave contribution in sectors Transportation and population and land use. He described land use pattern for simple and less expensive transportation.